Added unix history

bash_course/pres/firstslide.md

 # Welcome to the Bash Workshop!
 
-  * If you prefer to work on your own, already know programming or are confident in your abilities, please **sit in the back**.
-
-<!-- -->
-
- * If you prefer guided exercises, are completely new to programming, or want to have your hands held, please **sit in the front**.
+* Please turn of your camera for the lecture part of the course, we only have 2GB of RAM on this server
 
+* If there are any technical problems, let me know!

bash_course/pres/pres.md

 ---
 author:
-- Aline Abler
+- Nicolas König
 title: Bash Workshop
 ---
 
@@ -78,19 +78,19 @@ title: Bash Workshop
 
 ### Meaning of strings
 
-    echo Hello World
+    ls my file 
 
-* `echo`, `Hello` and `World` are single strings
+* `ls`, `my` and `file` are single strings
 * The first string becomes the command, all following become
     *arguments*
 
 <!-- -->
 
-    echo 'Hello World'
+    ls 'my file'
 
-* Here, `Hello World` is just one string
+* Here, `my file` is just one string
 
-### Repeat after me
+### Remember!
 
 \bigtext{Every word is a single argument unless you use quotes.}
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ title: Bash Workshop
 
         [[1==3]]
 
-* Bash's answer:        
+* Bash's answer:
 
         bash: [[1==3]]: command not found
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ title: Bash Workshop
 
         [[ 1 == 3 ]]
 
-### Repeat after me
+### Remember!
 
 \bigtext{If there's brackets, you probably need spaces.}
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ title: Bash Workshop
 * What bash sees
 
         0
-                        
+
 ### Why is that important?
 
 * *&&*, *||*, *if* and *while* all act based on the return value of something
@@ -207,10 +207,41 @@ becomes
 
         rm "$var"
 
-### Repeat after me:
+### Remember!
 
 \bigtext{If there's a dollar, you probably need quotes!}
 
+## Piping
+
+### Glueing programs together
+
+* Pipes allow us to connect different programs
+* The output of one program is used as the input for another
+
+### Glueing programs together
+
+	du -b
+
+lists the size of all directories within the current one
+
+	sort -n
+
+sorts the input numerically. So
+
+	du -b | sort -n
+
+gives us a list of all subdirectories sorted by size.
+
+### Glueing programs together
+
+	ls -l | cut -d' ' -f3 | sort | uniq
+
+Complicated functionality can be created from very simple programs.
+
+### Remember!
+
+\bigtext{If you want to connect programs, you probably want pipes!}
+
 # What bash is used for
 
 ## The whole point of bash
@@ -252,22 +283,20 @@ becomes
 ## What happens now?
 
 ### Hands on!
+#### Guided exercises
+* Solve easy exercises in plenum
+* Tailored to complete beginners
+
 #### Self-driven exercises
 * Self study using a guide
 * Try some of our exercises
 * Choose the exercises you find interesting! No need to go in order.
 
-#### Guided exercises
-* Solve easy exercises in plenum
-* Tailored to complete beginners
-* Please sit in the front
-
 ### Course material
 * These slides, exercise sheet and bash guide: \
     \soft{http://thealternative.ch}
-* Please leave some feedback! \
-    \soft{http://feedback.thealternative.ch}
 
 <!-- -->
 
 * \soft{Theme by} Christian Horea, [CC BY](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
+* \soft{Original Presentation by} Aline Abler

unix_history/.gitattributes

+img/ filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+img/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

unix_history/build.sh

+#!/bin/bash
+echo "Building pdf..."
+pandoc -t beamer --template template.tex --listings pres.md -o pres-part.pdf --pdf-engine pdflatex \
+    && pandoc -t beamer --template template.tex --listings firstslide.md -o firstslide.pdf --pdf-engine pdflatex \
+    && pdfunite firstslide.pdf pres-part.pdf pres.pdf \
+    && rm firstslide.pdf pres-part.pdf \
+    && echo "Build successful"

unix_history/firstslide.md

+# Welcome to the History of Unix Spotlight Talk!
+
+* If there are any technical problems, let me know!

unix_history/header.tex

+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %pipes don't display properly without this
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage{datapie}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{siunitx} %pretty measurement unit rendering
+\usepackage{hyperref} %enable hyperlink for urls
+\usepackage{caption} % needed to tweak caption size
+
+
+\usefonttheme[onlymath]{serif}
+\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}
+
+\DeclareSIUnit\pixel{px}
+
+\usecolortheme[RGB={37,68,113}]{structure}
+\usetheme{Dresden}
+
+\newenvironment{figurehere}
+{\def\@captype{figure}}
+{}
+\makeatother
+
+%commands to exclude sections from miniframes
+\makeatletter
+\let\beamer@writeslidentry@miniframeson=\beamer@writeslidentry
+\def\beamer@writeslidentry@miniframesoff{%
+   	\expandafter\beamer@ifempty\expandafter{\beamer@framestartpage}{}% does not happen normally
+   	{%else
+   		% removed \addtocontents commands
+   		\clearpage\beamer@notesactions%
+   	}
+}
+\newcommand*{\miniframeson}{\let\beamer@writeslidentry=\beamer@writeslidentry@miniframeson}
+\newcommand*{\miniframesoff}{\let\beamer@writeslidentry=\beamer@writeslidentry@miniframesoff}
+\beamer@compresstrue
+\makeatother
+
+
+%various gray colors
+\definecolor{slg}{gray}{0.25}
+\definecolor{lg}{gray}{0.55}
+\definecolor{vlg}{gray}{0.73}
+\definecolor{tlg}{gray}{0.9}
+
+%TheAlt colors
+\definecolor{ldorange}{HTML}{F18A20}
+\colorlet{ldbright}{ldorange!70!white} % tinted version of orange, used in miniframes
+\definecolor{ldblue}{HTML}{254471}
+
+%reduce caption font size:
+\captionsetup{font={scriptsize,color=lg}}
+
+%do not prepend numbering/lettering to figures/subfigures
+\captionsetup{labelformat=empty} %do not prepend letters to figure captions
+
+%Apply TheAlt colors to theme
+ % section titles in top navigation bar
+\setbeamercolor{section in head/foot}{parent=palette tertiary,fg=ldorange}
+\setbeamertemplate{section in head/foot shaded}{\color{ldbright}\usebeamertemplate{section in head/foot}}
+ % miniframes (little navigation circles)
+\setbeamercolor*{mini frame}{fg=ldorange,bg=ldbright}
+\setbeamertemplate{mini frame in other section}[default][0]
+\setbeamertemplate{mini frame in other subsection}[default][0]
+ % others
+\setbeamercolor{author in head/foot}{fg=white}
+\setbeamercolor{subsection in head/foot}{fg=white}
+\setbeamercolor{caption name}{fg=vlg}
+\setbeamercolor{caption}{fg=vlg}
+\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=ldblue}
+
+\setbeamertemplate{caption}{\raggedright\insertcaption\par}
+\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
+\setbeamertemplate{bibliography item}[text]
+
+\definecolor{mygreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
+\definecolor{mygray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
+\definecolor{mymauve}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}
+
+\lstdefinestyle{custombash}{
+	belowcaptionskip=1\baselineskip,
+	captionpos=,
+	breaklines=true,
+	frame=L,
+	xleftmargin=\parindent,
+	language=bash,
+	showstringspaces=false,
+	basicstyle=\scriptsize\ttfamily,
+	rulecolor=\color{tlg},
+	backgroundcolor=\color{tlg},
+	fillcolor=\color{tlg},
+	rulesepcolor=\color{tlg},
+	commentstyle=\itshape\color{purple!60!black},
+	keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{ldorange!80!black},
+	%keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{green!40!black},
+	identifierstyle=\color{blue},
+	stringstyle=\color{orange},
+}
+
+\lstset{language=Bash,style=custombash,caption={Descriptive Caption Text},label=DescriptiveLabel}
+
+\title{Bash Workshop}
+\author{Aline Abler}
+
+\institute{\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{img/logo_blue.pdf}}
+
+
+\renewcommand{\emph}[1]{\textcolor{ldorange}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\soft}[1]{\textcolor{lg}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\textt}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{\texttt{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\bigtext}[1]{\centering\Huge \textbf{\textcolor{ldorange}{#1}}}
+
+%shortcut to insert small logo in footline
+\def\logo{%
+	\resizebox{!}{3ex}{\includegraphics{img/logo_white.pdf}}
+}
+
+% Define a custom footline that includes our logo
+\setbeamertemplate{footline}
+{%
+	\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,%
+		leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=.3cm plus1fil]{title in head/foot}
+		\usebeamerfont{title in head/foot}%
+		\insertshorttitle\hfill\insertframenumber
+	\end{beamercolorbox}
+	\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,ht=3.5ex,dp=1.625ex,%
+		leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=.3cm plus1fil]{author in head/foot}
+		\usebeamerfont{author in head/foot}
+		\raisebox{0.5ex}{\insertshortauthor}\hfill\raisebox{-0.5ex}{\logo}
+	\end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+

unix_history/pres.md

+---
+author:
+- Nicolas König
+title: A Short History of Unix
+
+---
+
+# What is Unix?
+
+## What is Unix?
+
+### 
+
+\bigtext{What is Unix?}
+
+### The Definition
+
+A system can call itself *Unix* if it conforms to the *Single Unix Specification* maintained by *The Open Group*.
+
+<!--
+  Talk about standardization later
+-->
+
+### Difference between Unix and Linux
+
+Unix is an interface description, Linux is an OS
+
+- Linux's syscall interface doesn't provide all the required functions
+- Also, to be complient, many more things have to be provided
+  - header files
+  - struct definitions
+  - even shell & command line utilities 
+- More on that later
+
+### Current Unixs
+
+- MacOS
+- AIX
+- Only one Linux distributions (EulerOS)!
+  - All of them still adhere to the standards very closely
+
+<!-- 
+  Doing the conformance tests is expansive
+-->
+
+# The Early Days
+
+## The Early Days
+
+###
+
+\bigtext{The Early Days}
+
+## Context for the creation
+
+### Bell Labs
+
+* Part of telephone-monopoly company AT&T
+* very "free" research culture
+  * The choice of research topic was largely decided by the researchers
+* 9 Nobel price winners!
+
+
+### Multics
+
+* "MULTiplexed Information and Computing Service"
+* Collaboration between Bell Labs, General Electric and the MIT
+* Successor to MIT's Compatible Time Sharing System (CTSS)
+
+
+<!--
+  With modern eyes: Very weird features
+  Grand unified memory, no distinction between files and "normal" memory
+  both called resounding success and an utter failure
+-->
+
+### Thompson, Kerningham, Ritchi
+
+```{=latex}
+\begin{figure}
+  \centering
+  \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{img/kt_and_dr.jpg}
+\end{figure}
+```
+
+### Thompson, Kerningham, Ritchi
+
+```{=latex}
+\begin{figure}
+  \centering
+  \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{img/bk.jpg}
+\end{figure}
+```
+
+<!--
+  Kerningham & Ritchi both worked on Mutlics
+-->
+
+### The PDP-7 
+
+* 8K 18-bit words memory
+* ca. 570 kHz
+* Produced by the Digital Equipment Cooperation (DEC)
+
+### The PDP-7 
+
+\begin{figure}
+  \includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{img/pdp7-oslo.jpg}
+  \caption{A restored PDP-7}
+\end{figure}
+
+<!--
+  Weak computer
+  No interest in buying a new one after Multics disaster
+  Used for Circuit desing, but most of the time free
+-->
+
+## The First Unix
+
+### A Game
+
+\centering
+First, there was a Game
+
+
+
+### An IO-Scheduler
+
+\centering
+Then, an IO-Scheduler
+
+<!--
+  Disk inside was too fast 
+  Needed a program to put data on it
+-->
+
+### An Operating System
+
+\bigtext{"At some Point I realized I was just three weeks away from an operating system."}
+
+<!--
+  Still missing 3 (exec,) editor, shell, assembler
+  Wife away 3 weeks -> one week per programm
+-->
+
+### The Unix Philosophy
+
+\bigtext{Make each program do one thing well}
+
+### The Unix Philosophy
+
+\centering
+If you only have this little memory, you can't make your programs complex!
+
+\centering
+It turned out, that this is a good idea in general
+
+## Released Unix Versions
+
+### The First Edition
+
+Released in Nov. 1971
+
+* Supported the PDP-11
+* relatively feature-rich
+* already included a Fortran compiler
+
+<!-- 
+  Story on how they got the PDP-11
+  	Patent applications!
+  Name comes from the manual, development very fast
+    hand-inserted patches when it was send out
+	"Love, Ken"
+-->
+
+### Common Utilities
+
+* A lot of commonly known utilities already included in the first release
+  * `cd`, `chown`, `ls`, `cp`, `dc`, `ln`, `su`, `who`, ...
+
+### The Third Edition
+
+Released in Feb. 1973
+
+* Included a C compiler
+* Included first implementation of pipes
+
+### The C Programming Language
+
+* Heavily influenced by BCPL
+* Designed as a system programming language
+* The language still looked slightly different
+  * The Dialect is known as K&R-C
+* Publicised in the book "The C Programming Language" by Kerningham & Ritchi
+
+### The C Programming Language
+
+```c
+foo(a, b)
+  int a;
+  int *b;
+{
+  return a + *b;
+}
+```
+### Fourth Edition
+
+Released in Nov. 1973
+
+* The first edition almost completely written in C
+  * Made portability possible
+* Typically licensed with source code (and for a nominal fee)
+
+### Seventh Edition
+
+Released in Jan. 1979
+
+* Many new tools still in use today
+  * `awk`, `make`, `sed`, `tar`
+* Included the first version of the Bourne Shell (`sh`)
+* Included a fully featured Fortran77 Compiler
+
+### A story of overwhelming success
+
+The number of installed Systems rapidly increased
+
+- 2. Edition (Jun. 1972): 10 systems inside AT&T
+- 5. Edition (Jun. 1974): 50 systems inside AT&T
+
+By 1977, it was running on 500 sites, including 125 Universities
+
+<!--
+  Mind how large systems where at that time!
+-->
+
+# The Unix War
+
+## The Unix War
+
+###
+
+\bigtext{The Unix War}
+
+## The two large competitors
+
+### Berkley Software Distribution (BSD)
+
+* Thompson was a visiting Professor at UCal in the year 1975/1976
+
+There, many new tools and features where developed
+
+  * the editor `vi`
+  * `sendmail`
+  * a Pascal Compiler
+
+Then, with 3BSD (1979), a full Unix distribution was released
+
+<!--
+  Worth mentioning: 
+  - the Berkley Fast File System
+-->
+
+### BSD
+
+They also wrote a port to DEC's new VAX architecture
+
+- Added support for Virtual memory
+
+<!--
+  C paid off!
+
+  Might not be clear today, but DEC was __big__ back then.
+  VAX and Unix where so far intertwined that "Not all the world's a VAX" made
+  it into the "10 commandments for C programmers"
+    
+  The only other two ports existing was an intercal (7&8)/32 ports
+-->
+
+### 4.2BSD
+
+Released in 1983
+
+- Added sockets and a complete TCP/IP-stack
+
+<!--
+  THE defining feature for BSD-Linux
+-->
+
+
+### System V
+
+In 1982, antitrust legislation forces AT&T to break up
+
+- Lifts the ban on selling software
+
+<!--
+  Baby Bells!
+-->
+
+### System V
+
+\centering
+AT&T immideatly proceeded to bundle Unix for commercial use and released System V in 1983
+
+<!--
+  Not the first commercial AT&T Unix release, 1981 System III (a lot of the
+  legal stuff had already been settled)
+-->
+
+### System V Release 1 (SVR1)
+
+- Added an extensive interprocess communication API
+- Also included many features from BSD
+  - `curses`
+  - `vi`
+
+### Derivatives of the Two
+
+There where many derivatives by different companies.
+
+For BSD:
+
+- SunOS
+- Xenix
+
+and for System V:
+
+- HP-UX
+- AIX
+
+<!--
+  Even Microsoft made their own!
+-->
+
+### Derivatives
+
+```{=latex}
+\begin{figure}
+  \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{img/unix_tl.png}
+\end{figure}
+```
+
+### System V Release 4 (SVR4)
+
+- The most successful release of System V
+- Result of a unification drive between several Unix vendors
+- Added a lot of features from all over the Unix world
+  - `ksh`
+  - ELF file format
+  - TCP/IP-support
+
+### X/Open
+
+The drive for unification was formalized in the formation of the X/Open consortium
+
+- It was supposed to provide compatibility guides and standards
+- Would later go on to acquire the rights to the Unix name
+
+BSD, out of fear over the influence of AT&T & Sun, founded its own alternative, the
+Open Software Foundation.
+
+* AT&T then founded, as an answer, Unix International.
+
+<!--