diff --git a/console_toolkit/source/exercises/Makefile b/console_toolkit/source/exercises/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5ed4c88f0517ee4d5b7599791ff71f0dfa51bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/console_toolkit/source/exercises/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+TEX=latexmk
+TEXOPTS=-output-directory=build \
+ -pdf \
+ -latexoption=-interaction=nonstopmode \
+ -latexoption=-file-line-error
+
+# Set PREVIEW=1 to enable preview. Make sure an appropriate viewer is
+# configured in $HOME/.latexmkrc.
+# Example usage: make PREVIEW=1 opendata
+ifdef PREVIEW
+PREVIEWOPTS=-pvc
+endif
+
+defaul: exercises
+
+# To include the current git revision in the header, write it to 'GIT_TAG'
+# file, which the LaTeX source can include.
+gitrev:
+ @printf "r%s.%s" "$$(git rev-list --count HEAD)" "$$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" > GIT_TAG
+
+# Create build directory if it doesnt exist
+builddir:
+ @[ -d build ] || mkdir build
+
+# All documents need to be compiled twice.
+# This is because some necessary information is only available after
+# the first compiler run, like \pageref{LastPage}.
+exercises: exercises.tex gitrev builddir
+ @$(TEX) $(TEXOPTS) $(PREVIEWOPTS) $<
+ mv build/exercises.pdf .
+
+clean:
+ @rm -rf build/*
+
diff --git a/console_toolkit/source/exercises/TheAlternativeCourse.cls b/console_toolkit/source/exercises/TheAlternativeCourse.cls
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9c64a177f045eb3a9ff0c7ffb6f1bc25f533166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/console_toolkit/source/exercises/TheAlternativeCourse.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+% vim: set ft=tex:
+
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesClass{TheAlternativeCourse}
+
+% packages
+\LoadClass[11pt]{scrartcl} % Base class: KOMA script article
+\RequirePackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Support for german 'umlaut' (ä, ö, ü)
+\RequirePackage{lastpage} % \pageref{LastPage}
+\RequirePackage{scrlayer-scrpage} % KOMA Script header/footer package
+\RequirePackage{graphicx} % \includegraphics{...}
+\RequirePackage[showseconds=false,showzone=false]{datetime2}
+\RequirePackage[table]{xcolor}
+\RequirePackage[most]{tcolorbox}
+\RequirePackage{hyperref}
+
+% helvetica font
+% \RequirePackage[scaled]{helvet}
+% \RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
+% \renewcommand\familydefault{\sfdefault}
+
+% header / footer
+\KOMAoptions{headsepline,headheight=27.5pt}
+\setkomafont{pagehead}{\normalfont\normalcolor} % non-italic header font
+\setkomafont{pagefoot}{\normalfont\normalcolor} % non-italic footer font
+\newcommand{\builddate}{\footnotesize Revision: \input{GIT_TAG} \\ Build: \DTMNow}
+\newcommand{\thealtlogo}{\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{assets/logo.png}}
+\lohead[\thealtlogo]{\thealtlogo}
+\rohead[\builddate]{\builddate}
+\cofoot[\footnotesize \thepage~/~\pageref{LastPage}]{\thepage~/~\pageref{LastPage}}
+\recalctypearea%
+
+\setlength{\voffset}{-1.2cm} % space before header
+\setlength{\textheight}{1.15\textheight} % height of text
+
+\definecolor{ldorange}{HTML}{F18A20}
+\definecolor{ldblue}{HTML}{254471}
+\definecolor{grey1}{HTML}{aaaaaa}
+\definecolor{grey2}{HTML}{efefef}
+\definecolor{lightblue}{HTML}{d9edfc}
+\definecolor{exclamred}{HTML}{db1515}
+
+\colorlet{lightyellow}{yellow!6!white}
+\colorlet{darkeryellow}{red!15!yellow!40!white}
+
+\newtcolorbox[auto counter, number within=section]{exercisebox}[2][]{%
+ colback=lightyellow,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ colframe=ldorange,
+ coltitle=black,
+ enhanced,
+ fonttitle=\bfseries,
+ title=Task~\thetcbcounter: #2,#1}
+
+\newtcolorbox{cmdbox}{%
+ colback=grey2,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ enhanced,
+ colframe=grey1,
+ coltitle=black,
+ enhanced}
+
+\newtcolorbox{tcbhintbox}{%
+ enhanced,
+ skin=bicolor,
+ segmentation at break=true,
+ boxrule=0.8pt,
+ left=3.5mm,
+ top=0.5mm,
+ bottom=0.5mm,
+ arc=1pt,
+ boxsep=2pt,
+ lefthand ratio=0.06,
+ sidebyside,
+ colframe=ldorange,
+ coltext=black,
+ colback=darkeryellow,
+ colbacklower=lightyellow,
+}
+
+\newcommand{\hintbox}[1]{%
+\begin{tcbhintbox}
+ \includegraphics[width=8mm]{img/light_bulb.pdf}%
+ \tcblower%
+ #1
+\end{tcbhintbox}}
+
diff --git a/console_toolkit/source/exercises/assets/CC-BY-SA_icon.pdf b/console_toolkit/source/exercises/assets/CC-BY-SA_icon.pdf
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+\documentclass{TheAlternativeCourse}
+
+\usepackage{menukeys}
+\usepackage{tabularx}
+\usepackage{float}
+\usepackage{caption}
+
+\title{Console Toolkit Exercises}
+\date{}
+\author{}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\setlength{\parindent}{0cm}
+\setlength{\parskip}{12pt}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+Welcome to this exercise session! This is a practical exercise on the Linux
+command line. If you have any question about the exercises, feel free to ask
+the helpers for assistance.
+
+\subsection*{Difficulty}
+
+The exercises are designed in such a way that you will have to find solutions
+by reading the manuals and using search engines. You are expected to come up
+with appropriate solutions on your own, there will be no step-by-step guided
+exercises!
+
+There will be quite simple exercises for complete beginners at the start,
+but there are also some much more difficult ones further into the exercise.
+Feel free to skip ahead!
+
+\subsection*{Liability}
+
+By taking part in this exercise, you acknowledge that you alone are responsible
+for your computer. TheAlternative and its parent organisation, the Student
+Sustainability Commission, will not be held liable for any damages or loss of
+data.
+
+\pagebreak
+
+\section{Basics}
+
+To solve some of the exercises, you will need to download some files. Whenever
+you see an orange box like below, this means you have a task to solve.
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Getting the repository}
+ Open a terminal and enter the following (all on one line): \\
+ \texttt{curl https://files.project21.ch/LinuxDays-Public/HS18-exercise.zip
+ -o exercises.zip} \\\\
+ Then extract the zip archive like this: \\
+ \texttt{unzip exercises.zip}
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\subsection{Running a command}
+
+To run a command, you just type it into the console and hit enter. Most useful
+commands require some arguments. Arguments are given after the name of the
+command, separated by spaces. There are also so-called \emph{flags}, which set
+some options to alter the behaviour of a command. They have the form
+\texttt{-x} (single letter form) or \texttt{--long-option} (long format).
+
+An example of a more involved command:
+
+\begin{cmdbox}
+\texttt{ls -l --human-readable \textasciitilde/Downloads}
+\end{cmdbox}
+
+\subsection{Getting help}
+
+\texttt{man} is a command you will need throughout the following
+exercises. It stands for ``manual'' and shows you what almost any given
+command can do and which options are available for it. Almost all commands
+provide such a ``manpage'', which is typically written by the developers
+themselves.
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{The manual's manual}
+ The \texttt{man} command itself has its own manpage. Type \texttt{man man}
+ to access it, use the arrow keys to scroll, and press \keys{q} to exit.
+ Have a look around, especially at the different section numbers.
+ What is the section number for system calls?
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+An alternative to using the man pages is to try and see if a command has a help
+option. This is usually displayed by appending the option \texttt{--help} after
+the name of the command, which will often display much shorter and concise
+instructions
+on how to use a command.
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{The help option}
+ Look at the help output of \texttt{ls}. What is the flag to see hidden
+ files?
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\subsection{Navigating directories}
+
+You can navigate your file system in the terminal, just like you could with
+a graphical program. Below are the most important commands.
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Commands for navigating directories}]
+ \textbf{Command} & \textbf{Description} \\
+ \texttt{pwd} & Display the current working directory. \\
+ \texttt{tree DIR} & Get a visualization of the directory tree under
+ \texttt{DIR}. \\
+ \texttt{ls DIR} & List all files and directories in the current
+ working directory. \\
+ \texttt{cd DIR} & Change the current working directory to the given
+ directory. \\
+ \end{tcolorbox}%
+ \label{tab1}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Making yourself at home}
+ Have a look around your home directory and try out the mentioned commands.
+ You will most likely recognise the layout from your graphical file browser.
+ Remember you can always return to your home directory by running
+ \texttt{cd} without any arguments.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\subsection{Modifying directories}
+
+Just like in graphical programs, you can create and delete directories on the
+command line.
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Commands for modifying directories}]
+ \textbf{Command} & \textbf{Description} \\
+ \texttt{mkdir DIR} & Create a new directory with the given name. \\
+ \texttt{rmdir DIR} & Remove a directory. Will not work with
+ non-empty directories. \\
+ \texttt{rm -r DIR} & Remove a directory and its contents.
+ {\color{exclamred}Attention! There is no trashcan on the command
+ line! Files and directories will be deleted irrevocably.} \\
+ \texttt{cp -r SOURCE TARGET} & Copy a source directory
+ (recursively with all its contents) to a target. \\
+ \texttt{mv SOURCE TARGET} & Move a file or directory.
+ Also used to rename files/directories. \\
+ \end{tcolorbox}%
+ \label{tab2}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Creating your first directory}
+ Create a directory for the following exercises (you can call it
+ \texttt{console-toolkit}). Change into that directory and create a file
+ called \texttt{notes}. Then move the exercise file directory you downloaded
+ in task 2.1 into your newly created directory.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\subsection{Viewing files}
+If you want to view the contents of a text file, you have the following
+options:
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Commands for viewing files}]
+ \textbf{Command} & \textbf{Description} \\
+ \texttt{cat FILE} & Output a file to the terminal. \\
+ \texttt{head FILE} & Output the first couple of lines to the terminal. \\
+ \texttt{tail FILE} & Output the last couple of lines to the terminal. \\
+ \texttt{less FILE} & Browse a file in a visual viewer. \\
+ \end{tcolorbox}%
+ \label{tab3}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Log files}
+ \texttt{tail} is often used to inspect errors log files. Use tail to find the
+ last three lines of \texttt{dmesg\_log} (in the exercise files).
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\hintbox{\texttt{dmesg} is tool to view the log output of your kernel.}
+
+\subsection{Console tips \& tricks}
+
+There are many small things that can make your life when using the terminal
+little bit easier. Following is a table with the most important keyboard
+shortcuts you can use to speed up your workflow.
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Terminal keyboard shortcuts}]
+ \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{w} & Delete one word backwards. \\
+ \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{u} & Delete the entire line. \\
+ \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{l} & Clear the terminal. \\
+ \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{a} & Go to the beginning of the line. \\
+ \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{e} & Go to the end of the line. \\
+ \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{c} & Terminate the currently runnig process. \\
+ \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{d} & Quit the shell. \\
+ \end{tcolorbox}%
+ \label{tab4}
+\end{table}
+
+\section{Files \& Permissions}
+
+This section introduces you to basic commands related to files. We will first
+look at a command that can be used for creating empty files.
+
+The \texttt{touch} command is most frequently used for creating new, empty
+files. If you check the manual, you will see that it can also change certain
+file timestamps (access and modification times).
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{The magic touch}
+ Switch to your home directory. Execute \texttt{touch file}. A new file
+ should have been created. Confirm that this is the case.
+\end{exercisebox}
+%
+We already saw \texttt{cat} in the previous section. Another tool to look at
+files is \texttt{less}. This command is great if you want to look at large
+bodies of text because unlike \texttt{cat}, it has a built-in scroll function.
+Once you are done looking at the file, you can quit with \keys{q}.
+
+\subsection{Permissions}
+
+We will now look at two commands to manage permissions.
+
+\texttt{chown} stands for ``change owner''. It is used to change the owner of a
+given file. It can also change the group ownership.
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Get off my lawn}
+ Create a new, empty file (hint: \texttt{touch}) and use \texttt{chown} to
+ change its ownership to the \texttt{root} user (you will probably need
+ \texttt{sudo} for this). Try deleting it. Then change the ownership back to
+ your own user.
+\end{exercisebox}
+%
+A very similar command is \texttt{chmod}. \texttt{chmod} stands for ``change
+file mode bits'' and controls the following permissions on any given file:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+ \setlength\itemsep{-9pt}
+ \item Read: Who can see the file data.
+ \item Write: Who can modify the file.
+ \item Execute: Who is allowed to run the file (like a program or a script)
+\end{itemize}
+
+\hintbox{Permissions can be viewed using \texttt{ls -l}.}
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{{Read, Write, Execute}}
+ The read, write and execute permissions do different things, depending on
+ whether they are set for directories or for files. Find out what they mean
+ for files and directorues by playing around with the \texttt{chmod}
+ command, readings its manual or searching on the internet.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\subsection{File tools}
+
+There are a number of other commands that are frequently used to get
+information on files:
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Commands for getting information about files}]
+ \textbf{Command} & \textbf{Description} \\
+ \texttt{wc \$file} & Display line, word, and character count of a file \\
+ \texttt{diff \$file1 \$file2} & Show differences between files \\
+ \texttt{ln \$target \$link\_name} & Create a link \\
+ \texttt{du \$file} & Estimate file space usage \\
+ \texttt{df} & Report file system disk usage \\
+ \end{tcolorbox}%
+ \label{tab5}
+\end{table}
+
+In the next exercise we are going to read some text from the standard input
+(also called \texttt{stdin}). Reading from \texttt{stdin} means you can just
+type text into the console. When you are done, hit \keys{Enter} to enter a
+newline and then hit \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{d}. This is the universal end-of-file
+character in Unix-like systems. It signals to the command that it the input has
+finished. You can even use this key shortcut to close your terminal.
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Cat tricks}
+ Type the command \texttt{cat -}. This starts \texttt{cat} to read from
+ \texttt{stdin}. Enter some text and observe what happens when you press
+ \keys{Enter}. \texttt{cat} will just keep reading until the end-of-file
+ character, so you can enter multiple lines of text. When you are done,
+ terminate the input as described above.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Counting words}
+ Sometimes you might want to know the length of some text. First, consult
+ \texttt{wc}'s manual to find out how you can read from standard input. Copy
+ a line of text of your choice from the \texttt{wc} manual, then use the
+ \texttt{wc} syntax that you looked up to read from standard input. Paste
+ the text and terminate the input as before.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\hintbox{%
+Copying and pasting in the console usually works with
+\keys{\ctrl}+\keys{\shift}+\keys{c} and \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{\shift}+\keys{v},
+this depends on the terminal though.}
+
+\paragraph{Hardlink}
+A hardlink is a pointer to a specific, physical location on a hard disk. If the
+file name of the file that is linked to changes, the link still works. However,
+if the file is replaced by a different file with the same name, the hardlink
+will now \emph{not} point to the new file! It will still point to the location
+of the old file.
+
+\paragraph{Symlink}
+A symlink (short for symbolic link) points to a file name, to an actual file
+path. If the data behind the file name is changed, the symbolic link will then
+point to this new file, as long as the name stays the same. This is a higher
+level concept than a hardlink, as it operates above the concept of file names.
+Most of the time, a symlink is preferrable to a hardlink.
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Symlinks}
+ Have a look at the \texttt{ln} manual to find out how to create a symbolic
+ link. Then create a link in your home directory to a directory you use
+ frequently.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+Lastly, two commands that are loosely related to files are \texttt{df} and
+\texttt{du}. These commands are used to find out how much space files take up.
+\texttt{df} shows coarse-grained disk usage as reported by the file system.
+\texttt{du} counts the disk usage of individual files and directories.
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Reporting disk usage}
+ When you run \texttt{df} and \texttt{du}, the sizes of files are reported
+ in multiples of blocks. The size of a block depends on your file system,
+ but typically is between 512 bytes and 1 kilobyte. This means that you
+ would have to multiply by this size the true size, in bytes. Find out how
+ to make the output of \texttt{df} and \texttt{du} more readable for humans
+ by looking at their options in the manual (hint: the option is the same for
+ both tools).
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\section{Leveraging the command line}
+
+\subsection{Globbing (Wildcards)}
+
+Globbing is a useful tool to work with files that share a pattern. For example,
+to refer to all \texttt{jpg} images in a directory, you can use \texttt{*.jpg}.
+The \texttt{*} means `any number of any characters', so this pattern will give
+you all files that end with \texttt{.jpg}. Similarly, \texttt{dir/*} will give
+you \emph{all} files in \texttt{dir}, \emph{except} hidden files.
+
+There are a few more useful patterns, like \texttt{?} (question mark) which
+matches any \emph{single} character, or \texttt{\string{*.jpg,*.png\string}},
+which is a list that matches both \texttt{.jpg} and \texttt{.png} files. To
+learn more, you can have a look at \texttt{man 7 glob}.
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{{Printing text, again}}
+ Ouput all \texttt{.txt} files in \texttt{notes/} to the terminal in
+ a single command. The output will tell you if you did it correctly.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Managing cat pictures}
+ Create a new directory called \texttt{cats}. Copy all cat pictures in
+ \texttt{pictures/} (in the exercise files) to your new \texttt{cats}
+ directory, with a single command.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\subsection{Pipes}
+
+Pipes are useful to connect multiple commands together. One of the design
+principles of Unix was ``do one thing, and do it well''. This means, tools
+should be simple and powerful in their specific domain, but there should also
+be a mechanism to combine multiple programs in an easy way. This mechanism is
+the \emph{pipe}, the \texttt{|} symbol. It allows you to connect the output of
+one program to the input of another program.
+
+For example, we can combine \texttt{du} and \texttt{sort} to work together.
+\texttt{du} analyses the usage of disk space, and sort just sorts lines
+it is given. This pipe analyzes your home directory and tells you which
+directory uses the most space:
+
+\begin{cmdbox}
+ \texttt{du -sh * | sort -h}
+\end{cmdbox}
+
+Here the \texttt{*} globbing pattern stands for ``every file in the current
+directory''.
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Counting lines in multiple files}
+ \texttt{wc} (word count) can be used to count the number of lines in a file
+ (\texttt{-l} flag). Use \texttt{cat} to output all files in the
+ \texttt{notes} directory (exercise files) at the same time and connect it
+ to \texttt{wc} to count the lines.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\subsection{Find}
+
+Looking for specific files on your system is a task that one has to do fairly
+regularly. Two very popular tool for finding files with certain properties are
+\texttt{find} and \texttt{grep}. In this section, we cover \texttt{find}. As a
+rule of thumb, \texttt{find} is best used when you know that your file has
+certain metadata: Maybe you know approximately when you have created the file,
+when you last looked at it, how large it is etc. In contrast, \texttt{grep} is
+usually used when you want to look at \emph{the content} of a file.
+
+\texttt{find} works by essentially filtering all files through a chain of
+conditions, given by flags. Working with \texttt{find} is
+fairly straight forward and almost like verbally explaining what you are
+looking for.
+
+\begin{cmdbox}
+ \texttt{find -mtime -1 -size +100k}
+\end{cmdbox}
+
+This searches for all files that have been modified (\texttt{-mtime}) less than
+one day ago (\texttt{-1}) and have size (\texttt{-size}) larger than 100
+Kilobytes (\texttt{+100k}). \texttt{find} has a lot of conditions where it
+makes sense to specify ``greater than'' or ``smaller than''. This is specified
+by prefixing the amount with a \texttt{+} or a \texttt{-}. This is why the
+condition ``larger than 100 Kilobytes'' is written as \texttt{-size +100k}.
+
+If we additionally knew that our file was smaller than one gigabyte, we would
+type:
+\begin{cmdbox}
+ \texttt{find -mtime -1 -size +100k -size -2G}
+\end{cmdbox}
+
+It's necessary to use \texttt{-2G} here, since file sizes are rounded up.
+A file that has 800M will be rounded to 1G. The semantics of find use strictly
+smaller (\texttt{<}), therefore we have to compare to 2G.
+
+Here is an overview of options for \texttt{find} that are useful to know.
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Useful find flags}]
+ \textbf{Flag} & \textbf{Description} \\
+ \texttt{-name} & Matches the name of a file. \\
+ \texttt{-size} & Condition on the size of a file. \\
+ \texttt{-atime} & Condition on when file was last accessed. \\
+ \texttt{-mtime} & Condition on when file was last modified. \\
+ \texttt{-type} & Specifies type of file (directory, regular file
+ \ldots). \\
+ \end{tcolorbox}%
+ \label{tab6}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{The largest cat}
+ Use \texttt{find} to find all cat pictures (\texttt{cat*}) with a size over
+ 200 kilobytes in the exercise directory. There should be more than one!
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\subsection{Grep and regular expressions}
+
+\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/regex_golf.png}
+{\footnotesize xkcd 1313, https://xkcd.com/1313/}
+
+While working with many files in different folders, you can find yourself
+losing track of what is in what file. To quickly find something in one of many
+files, you can use \texttt{grep}. Grep is a tool for searching a body of text
+for a specific pattern. Those patterns are specified with a syntax called
+``Regular Expressions'' or regexes.
+
+Regexes can easily become \emph{very} complicated (there are entire books on
+this topic). We'll have a look at the very basics here. Regexes are comprised
+of a string of characters, e.g. \texttt{foo.bar[0-9]}. Let's look at it in more
+detail:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+ \setlength\itemsep{-9pt}
+ \item{\makebox[1.5cm]{\: \texttt{foo\hfill}} Matches the literal word ``foo''.}
+ \item{\makebox[1.5cm]{\: \texttt{.\hfill}} Matches any single character.}
+ \item{\makebox[1.5cm]{\: \texttt{bar\hfill}} Matches the literal word ``bar''.}
+ \item{\makebox[1.5cm]{\: \texttt{[0-9]\hfill}} Matches a single digit between 0 and 9.}
+\end{itemize}
+
+For example, this regex \texttt{foo.bar[0-9]} would match on all of these
+strings:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+ \setlength\itemsep{-9pt}
+ \item \texttt{foo\_bar1}
+ \item \texttt{fooobar9}
+ \item \texttt{foozbar5}
+ \item \texttt{foo1bar2}
+\end{itemize}
+
+An important thing to note is that regular expressions don't have to match the
+entire string. So the example regex would also match on
+\texttt{XXXXfoo1bar2XXXX}, because \texttt{foo1bar2} is part of that string.
+
+So how do we try that on the command line? Simple, to test out \texttt{grep},
+we can use \texttt{echo} to pipe a string into grep to match. Like this:
+
+\begin{cmdbox}
+ \texttt{echo foo1bar2 | grep foo.bar[0-9]}
+\end{cmdbox}
+
+This should output \texttt{foo1bar2}, because grep outputs all lines from its
+input that match the regex.
+
+There are a few command line options that you should know about \texttt{grep}.
+These can also be combined, like so: \texttt{grep -rnoh PATTERN FILE}.
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Useful grep flags}]
+ \textbf{Command} & \textbf{Description} \\
+ \texttt{-r} & Recursively look at all files under the given directory. \\
+ \texttt{-o} & Only print the matching strings, not the entire line. \\
+ \texttt{-h} & Don't print the filename, just the matching string/line. \\
+ \texttt{-n} & Prefix the output with the linenumber where the match occured. \\
+ \end{tcolorbox}%
+ \label{tabgrepopts}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Regex building blocks}]
+ \textbf{Regex} & \textbf{Example} & \textbf{Description} \\
+
+ \textbf{Match Expressions} & & \\
+ \texttt{<character literal>} & \texttt{f} &
+ Matches the character \texttt{<character literal>}.
+ The example matches on \texttt{f}. \\
+ \texttt{.} & \texttt{.} & Matches any single character. \\
+ \texttt{[<char1>-<char2>]} & \texttt{[a-z]} &
+ Matches a single character in the range from \texttt{<char1>} to
+ \texttt{<char2>} (inclusive). The example matches on any lowercase
+ character. The character range can be specified multiple times,
+ like so: \texttt{[a-zA-Z0-9]}. This would match any lower- or
+ uppercase character or digit. \\
+ \texttt{[[:alnum:]]} & \texttt{[[:alnum:]]} &
+ Alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). \\
+ \texttt{[[:alpha:]]} & \texttt{[[:alpha:]]} & Letters. \\
+ \texttt{[[:digit:]]} & \texttt{[[:digit:]]} & Digits. \\
+ \texttt{[[:xdigit:]]} & \texttt{[[:xdigit:]]} & Hexadecimal digits. \\
+ \texttt{[[:blank:]]} & \texttt{[[:blank:]]} & Blank space (spaces and tabs). \\
+ \texttt{[[:word:]]} & \texttt{[[:word:]]} & Digits, letters and underscores. \\
+
+ \textbf{Modifiers} & & \\
+ \texttt{?} & \texttt{.?} &
+ The preceding expression appears zero times or exactly once. The
+ example would match on an empty string or any string of length one. \\
+ \texttt{*} & \texttt{.*} &
+ The preceding expression appears zero, one or many times. The
+ example would match on a string of arbitrary length, including an
+ empty one.\\
+ \texttt{+} & \texttt{.+} &
+ The preceding expression appears one or many times. The example
+ matches on a string of any length greater than zero. \\
+ \texttt{\string{<num>\string}} & \texttt{\string{3\string}} &
+ Matches on a string if the preceding expression appears exactly
+ \texttt{<num>} times. \\
+ \texttt{\string{<num1>,<num2>\string}} & \texttt{\string{3,6\string}} &
+ Matches on a string if the preceding expression appears between
+ \texttt{<num1>} and \texttt{<num2>} times (inclusive). \\
+ \end{tcolorbox}%
+ \label{tabgreplarge}
+\end{table}
+
+\paragraph{Note} When using the characters \texttt{|, +, ?} with their regex
+meaning, they must be escaped with a backslash like this: \verb@\|, \+, \?@. If
+you want to use any of the ofter special characters as regular characters, i.e.
+to match a literal \texttt{.} you can use \verb@\.@
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Finding email addresses}
+ Somewhere in the exercise files, there is an email address hidden in a text
+ file. Create a regular expression that matches email addresses that end in
+ .ch and find it!
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\section{Remote machines}
+
+This section will be about working with remote machines. You will
+connect to one and move files from and to it. Additionally, you will set up
+your SSH so you can log in without entering a password.
+
+\texttt{ssh} (secure shell) is an extremely useful tool, as it allows you to
+manage servers, connecting to your home computer from a laptop, running
+computations on super computers, and even using graphical applications that are
+installed on a different computer. \texttt{scp} (secure copy) works just like
+\texttt{cp}, but allows you to copy files to and from remote machines.
+\texttt{scp} is based on the SSH protocol, so it works similiarly and the
+public key authentication in exercise 5.2 will automatically also apply to
+\texttt{scp}.
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Remote access tools}]
+ \texttt{ssh user@hostname} &
+ Open an SSH session with a specific user on a host. \\
+ \texttt{scp user@hostname:file.txt .} &
+ Copy a file from remote machine to the current directory. \\
+ \texttt{scp file.txt user@hostname:file.txt} &
+ Copy a file from current directory to remote host. \\
+ \end{tcolorbox}%
+ \label{tab7}
+\end{table}
+
+\hintbox{%
+If you don't have an ETH account, use\\
+\texttt{hackingsession@pterodactyl.vsos.ethz.ch} with password\\
+\texttt{BoredHacker} for the following exercises instead.}
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Establishing an SSH connection}
+ Use SSH to connect to the Euler supercomputer at
+ \texttt{nethz-login@euler.ethz.ch}, where \texttt{nethz-login} is your
+ \emph{nethz} account name. You can login using your regular credentials.
+\end{exercisebox}
+%
+It is inconvenient that you have to enter your password every time you want to
+log in. You can set up SSH in a way where you \emph{don't} have to provide your
+password! This is done with public key cryptography. Basically, you generate a
+public key and a private key. The private key you keep safe and only for
+yourself. The public key you can distribute to anyone. Now you can
+authenticate yourself for anyone that has your public key: You can create a
+signature with your private key, that can be verified using the public key.
+However, only the owner of the private key can create the signature that is
+verifiable by the public key! This can be used by an SSH server to authenticate
+clients that want to open an SSH session.
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Generating your key}
+ Generate your private/public key pair using \texttt{ssh-keygen}.
+ Then copy your generated public key (\texttt{.ssh/id\_rsa.pub}) to
+ \texttt{.ssh/authorized\_keys} on the server. Try logging in with SSH now,
+ it should no longer require a password.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+
+\section{Jobs \& Processes}
+
+Jobs are groups of processes that are running in the current shell. Often, a
+job only consists of one process but sometimes a job is a process
+\emph{pipeline} consisting of multiple jobs, such as
+\texttt{echo "Hello" | cat -}. Consult the \texttt{JOB CONTROL} section
+of the \texttt{bash} manual if you want to study the details.
+
+Knowing how to control jobs is essential if you want to be able to
+simultaneously run multiple processes from the same shell.
+
+\subsection{Job control}
+
+Jobs can be put into the background, started in the background, brought to the
+foreground and killed. We say a job is running in the background when it is
+currently running, but not blocking the shell. In other words, when a job is
+running in the background, you can still use your shell normally (although the
+job might produce output that will get displayed on your terminal which can be
+quite annoying).
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Working with jobs}]
+ \texttt{jobs} & List all jobs in the current shell\\
+ \texttt{cmd \&} & Start \texttt{cmd} in the background\\
+ \texttt{fg} & Bring a job into the foreground\\
+ \texttt{bg} & Bring a job into the background\\
+ \end{tcolorbox}
+ \label{tabjobcmds}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Controlling jobs}]
+ \texttt{\keys{\ctrl}+\keys{z}} & Suspend current job. Processes may ignore this.\\
+ \texttt{\keys{\ctrl}+\keys{c}} & Kill current job. Processes may ignore this.\\
+ \texttt{kill \%N} & Kill job, where N is its number as listed in
+ \texttt{jobs}.Processes may \emph{still} ignore this.\\
+ \texttt{kill -9 \%N} & Kill job with number N for sure.\\
+ \end{tcolorbox}
+ \label{tab8}
+\end{table}
+
+You can \emph{usually} use \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{c} to terminate a job in the
+foreground and \keys{\ctrl}+\keys{z} to suspend a job in the foreground.
+Suspended jobs are paused until they are resumed with either \texttt{fg} or
+\texttt{bg}. Note that processes can choose to overwrite these shortcuts so
+they are not guaranteed to work. If they don't work, we can always use more
+drastic measures \ldots
+
+\subsection{Processes}
+
+Processes operate system-wide. Each process has a unique process ID, called the
+PID for short. You can think of processes as separate programs running
+independent of each other. For example, an \texttt{echo} command spawns a new
+process that is separated from the shell process that you are in (which is
+typically \texttt{bash}).
+
+\begin{table}[H]
+ \centering
+ \rowcolors{1}{lightblue}{white}
+ \begin{tcolorbox}[%
+ enhanced,
+ fuzzy shadow={1mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{0.1mm}{black!50!white},
+ width=1.0\linewidth,
+ tabularx={>{\centering\arraybackslash}l|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X},
+ title={Managing}]
+ \texttt{top} & Display info about all currently running processes. Quit
+ with \keys{q}\\
+ \texttt{htop} & A more modern equivalent of \texttt{top}. It is not
+ installed by default on most distributions, but can be installed it
+ with your package manager. \\
+ \texttt{kill \texttt{PID}} & Send a termination signal to the process
+ \texttt{PID}. This is the preferred way to terminate a process, as it
+ allows it to exit normally and perform clean up. \\
+ \texttt{kill -9 \texttt{PID}} & Send a killing signal to the
+ process \texttt{PID}. The process is killed by the operating system
+ immediately. Useful for unresponsive processes. \\
+ \texttt{pkill \texttt{PATTERN}} & Like \texttt{kill}, but kills
+ processes whose names match a pattern instead. \\
+ \texttt{pkill -9 \texttt{PATTERN}} & Send a kill signal instead. \\
+ \texttt{ps} & Utility to display information about processes. Most
+ commonly used as \texttt{ps aux}. \\
+ \end{tcolorbox}%
+ \label{tab9}
+\end{table}
+
+\texttt{kill} and \texttt{pkill} actually send so-called signals to processes.
+There are many signals that all do different things. When you call \texttt{kill
+PID}, the signal \texttt{15} is sent to the process \texttt{PID}. This signal
+is called the \texttt{SIGTERM} signal and is used to \emph{ask} a process to
+terminate. When we write \texttt{kill -9 PID}, we are actually sending the
+signal \texttt{9} which is also known as \texttt{SIGKILL} and kills a process
+instantly. Read \texttt{man 7 signal} if you want to know more about signals.
+
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{Killed in their sleep}
+ Start a new process by typing \texttt{sleep 1000} in your shell. Open
+ another shell. Use \texttt{top}, \texttt{htop} or \texttt{ps} to figure out
+ the PID of the \texttt{sleep} process. Kill it.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\begin{exercisebox}{A job for kill}
+ \texttt{kill} also works on jobs. Start \texttt{sleep 1000} in the
+ background (or start it in the foreground, suspend it, then bring it to the
+ background). Then type \texttt{kill \%N} where \texttt{N} is the job's number
+ (probably \texttt{1}). Check the output of the \texttt{jobs} command and
+ confirm that the job is not displayed anymore.
+\end{exercisebox}
+
+\section{License}
+
+This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
+International License. See also:
+\url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/}.
+
+\vspace{0cm}
+\includegraphics[width=3cm]{assets/CC-BY-SA_icon.pdf}
+
+\end{document}
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e007b5beb522f86b68325ae8da939bfc22453112
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/console_toolkit/source/exercises/img/light_bulb.pdf b/console_toolkit/source/exercises/img/light_bulb.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a28a0373b2424d33e0c79ab4f76316e7ab3a518
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diff --git a/console_toolkit/source/exercises/img/regex_golf.png b/console_toolkit/source/exercises/img/regex_golf.png
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/console_toolkit/source/slides/Makefile b/console_toolkit/source/slides/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b08d6330ce69532de4c90dbdeae8adca89a6cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/console_toolkit/source/slides/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+TEX=latexmk
+TEXOPTS=-output-directory=build \
+ -pdf \
+ -latexoption=-interaction=nonstopmode \
+ -latexoption=-file-line-error
+
+# set PREVIEW=1 to enable preview
+# example usage: make PREVIEW=1 target
+ifdef PREVIEW
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+endif
+
+default: pres
+
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+builddir:
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+
+pres: pres.tex builddir
+ @$(TEX) $(TEXOPTS) $(PREVIEWOPTS) $<
+ mv build/pres.pdf .
+
+clean:
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+
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@@ -0,0 +1,1179 @@
+\input{template}
+
+\title{The Console Toolkit}
+\author{Nils Leuzinger}
+\institute{TheAlternative, SSC | ETHZ and UZH}
+\date{HS 2020}
+
+\begin{document}
+ \begin{frame}
+ \titlepage%
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Introduction}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Why the console? It's already current year!}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item People asked for it
+ \item Still an excellent interface for complex tasks
+ \item Many advanced tools only available on the command line
+ \item Can be much faster than GUI tools
+ \item Allows easy remote access to other computers
+ \item Skills portable to every Unix-like system
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Course outline}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \textbf{Part 1}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Getting used to the console
+ \item Navigating the file system
+ \item Modifiying files
+ \item Working with text files
+ \item{Users \& permissions}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \textbf{Part 2}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{Managing software}
+ \item{SSH}
+ \item{Git}
+ \item{Backups}
+ \item{Scripting}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{What is the console}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Keyboard-only interface to your computer
+ \item Related terms: \emph{console}, \emph{terminal},
+ \emph{shell}, \emph{bash}, \emph{command prompt},
+ \emph{command line interface}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{img/matrix.png}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Navigation}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{The 70s were interesting times, or so I'm told}
+ \textbf{Unix dogma: \emph{Everything is a file!}} \\
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Data files
+ \item Directories (or ``folders'')
+ \item Storage devices
+ \item Keyboards
+ \item Printers
+ \item Cameras
+ \item \emph{But not network sockets \ldots}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{File system}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \vspace{-0.6cm}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.4\columnwidth]{img/fs.png}
+ {\tiny [1]}
+ \end{center}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item File system organized as tree
+ \item Everything under \texttt{/}, the root directory
+ \item In the console, you will be at some point in the tree,
+ the \emph{working directory}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Working directory}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Where am I? \textrightarrow \: \texttt{pwd}
+ \item \underline{P}resent \underline{w}orking \underline{d}irectory
+ \item Also sometimes directly shown in the prompt
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ pwd
+/home/luke
+[luke@host ~]$
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Listing files}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item What is in here? \textrightarrow \: \texttt{ls}
+ \item \emph{list}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ ls
+§\textcolor{dirblue}{Desktop}§
+§\textcolor{dirblue}{Documents}§
+§\textcolor{dirblue}{Downloads}§
+§\textcolor{dirblue}{Music}§
+§\textcolor{dirblue}{Pictures}§
+§\textcolor{dirblue}{Videos}§
+cat1.jpg
+cat2.jpg
+[luke@host ~]$
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Commands \& arguments}
+ \vspace{0.5cm}
+ \texttt{\tikzmark{a}{l}s \tikzmark{b}{-}a
+ \tikzmark{c}{-}-human-readable \tikzmark{d}{/}home/luke/pictures}\\
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
+ \node[align=left,xshift=0.4cm,yshift=-1.0cm,rounded corners,
+ fill=red!20,draw=red!70!black] (b1)
+ {\footnotesize{command}};
+ \draw[red!70!black,->] (b1) edge ([yshift=-0.05cm,xshift=7.0pt]a.south);
+
+ \node[align=left,xshift=3.0cm,yshift=-2.3cm,rounded corners,
+ fill=green!20,draw=green!70!black] (b2)
+ {\footnotesize{single letter option}};
+ \draw[green!70!black,->] (b2) edge ([yshift=-0.05cm,xshift=9.5pt]b.south);
+
+ \node[align=left,xshift=3.7cm,yshift=-0.7cm,rounded corners,
+ fill=green!20,draw=green!70!black] (b3)
+ {\footnotesize{long option}};
+ \draw[green!70!black,->] (b3) edge ([yshift=-0.05cm,xshift=1.5cm]c.south);
+
+ \node[align=left,xshift=6.7cm,yshift=-0.7cm,rounded corners,
+ fill=orange!40,draw=orange!70!black] (b4)
+ {\footnotesize{arguments}};
+ \draw[orange!70!black,->] (b4) edge ([yshift=-0.05cm,xshift=1.7cm]d.south);
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Advanced listing}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \texttt{ls} has advanced options
+ \item \texttt{-a}: show hidden files
+ \item \texttt{-h}: print numbers in human readable format
+ \item \texttt{-l}: show the long output format.
+ \item \texttt{ls -lah} and \texttt{ls -l -a -h} are
+ equivalent
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\tiny]
+[luke@arch-x270 ~]$ ls -lah
+total 52K
+drwx------ 8 luke luke 4.0K Sep 3 23:27 .
+drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Sep 3 23:26 ..
+-rw-r--r-- 1 luke luke 21 Jun 4 10:54 .bash_logout
+-rw-r--r-- 1 luke luke 57 Jun 4 10:54 .bash_profile
+-rw-r--r-- 1 luke luke 141 Jun 4 10:54 .bashrc
+-rw-r--r-- 1 luke luke 0 Sep 3 23:27 cat1.jpg
+-rw-r--r-- 1 luke luke 0 Sep 3 23:27 cat2.jpg
+drwxr-xr-x 2 luke luke 4.0K Sep 3 23:27 §\textcolor{dirblue}{Desktop}§
+drwxr-xr-x 2 luke luke 4.0K Sep 3 23:27 §\textcolor{dirblue}{Documents}§
+drwxr-xr-x 2 luke luke 4.0K Sep 3 23:27 §\textcolor{dirblue}{Downloads}§
+-rw-r--r-- 1 luke luke 24 Sep 3 23:28 .hidden_file
+drwxr-xr-x 2 luke luke 4.0K Sep 3 23:27 §\textcolor{dirblue}{Music}§
+drwxr-xr-x 2 luke luke 4.0K Sep 3 23:27 §\textcolor{dirblue}{Pictures}§
+-rw-r--r-- 1 luke luke 3.7K Oct 23 2017 .screenrc
+drwxr-xr-x 2 luke luke 4.0K Sep 3 23:27 §\textcolor{dirblue}{Videos}§
+[luke@arch-x270 ~]$
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Getting help}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Where can I find out what options are available?
+ \item Manual pages!
+ \item \texttt{man}
+ \item E.g.: \texttt{man ls}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\tiny]
+LS(1) User Commands LS(1)
+
+NAME
+ ls - list directory contents
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabeti-
+ cally if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
+
+ Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
+
+ -a, --all
+ do not ignore entries starting with .
+
+ -A, --almost-all
+ do not list implied . and ..
+
+ --author
+ with -l, print the author of each file
+
+ -b, --escape
+ print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{More on manual pages}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{Search by typing \keys{/}}
+ \item{Quit by typing \keys{q}}
+ \item{Sometimes there are multiple manuals! \textrightarrow \: Choose the right section}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{\texttt{man 1 printf} vs. \texttt{man 3 printf}}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Go somewhere else}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item I want to go to some other directory! \textrightarrow \: \texttt{cd}
+ \item \emph{Change directory}
+ \item Absolute path: Whole path from the root, like:
+ \texttt{/home/luke/pictures/cat1.png}
+ \item Relative path: Path relative to the current working
+ directory, like \texttt{pictures/cat1.png}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ cd
+[luke@host ~]$ pwd
+/home/luke
+[luke@host ~]$ cd /sys
+[luke@host sys]$ pwd
+/sys
+[luke@host sys]$ cd ~
+[luke@host ~]$ pwd
+/home/luke
+[luke@host ~]$ cd pictures/
+[luke@host pictures]$ pwd
+/home/luke/pictures
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Special places}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{\makebox[1.3cm]{\:\texttt{\textasciitilde\hfill}}User's home directory}
+ \item{\makebox[1.3cm]{\:\texttt{. }\hfill}The current directory}
+ \item{\makebox[1.3cm]{\:\texttt{..}\hfill}The directory above in the tree}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Modifiying files}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Copying files}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Copy command: \texttt{cp}
+ \item Syntax: \texttt{cp source destination}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ cp diary diary_copy
+[luke@host ~]$ cat diary_copy
+Dear diary, today I downloaded
+cat pictures from the internet.
+[luke@host ~]$
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Moving files}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.47\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Move command: \texttt{mv}
+ \item Syntax: \texttt{mv source destination}
+ \item Use \texttt{mv} to rename files
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.53\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ mv diary secret_diary
+[luke@host ~]$ cat secret_diary
+Dear diary, today I downloaded
+cat pictures from the internet.
+[luke@host ~]$
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Creating and deleting directories}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \texttt{mkdir} creates a new directory
+ \item \texttt{rmdir} removes a directory
+ \item \texttt{rmdir} only works for empty directories!
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ mkdir new_dir
+[luke@host ~]$ ls
+§\textcolor{dirblue}{new\_dir}§
+[luke@host ~]$ rmdir new_dir
+[luke@host ~]$ ls
+[luke@host ~]$
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Deleting files}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \texttt{rm} removes files and directories
+ \item \texttt{rm -r} removes a directory and everything in it
+ \emph{(recurisive)}
+ \item \texttt{rm} is \textcolor{red}{irreversible!}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ ls
+cat1.jpg
+cat2.jpg
+[luke@host ~]$ rm cat1.jpg
+[luke@host ~]$ ls
+cat2.jpg
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \vspace{0.7cm}
+ \begin{WarningBox}
+ \texttt{rm} is a shotgun without safety! There is no trashcan.
+ You can delete your entire file system with \texttt{sudo rm -rf /},
+ or your entire home directory with \texttt{rm -rf \textasciitilde}\:!%
+ \end{WarningBox}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Hidden files}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{Hidden files start with a dot}
+ \item{\texttt{.hidden\_file}}
+ \item{Show them using \texttt{ls -a}}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Text files}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Showing text files}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Output a file's contents to the console with
+ \texttt{cat}
+ \item Used to stand for \emph{concatenate}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ cat diary
+Dear diary, today I downloaded
+cat pictures from the internet.
+[luke@host ~]$
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Reading long files}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item What if the text doesn't fit on the terminal?
+ \item Use the \texttt{less} file viewer
+ \item Scroll up and down with \keys{\arrowkeyup}, \keys{\arrowkeydown}
+ \item Exit with \keys{q}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Editing files}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Need a \emph{text editor}!
+ \item \emph{nano, vim, vis, emacs}
+ \item Simple, intuitive, no learning required? \textrightarrow\:\texttt{nano}
+ \item Powerful, efficient and extreme nerd cred? \textrightarrow\:\texttt{vim}
+ \item Obscure, eccentric and even more powerful? \textrightarrow\:\texttt{emacs}
+ \item Has some advantages to using a big GUI tool
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Navigation and editing in the same interface
+ \item Quick and efficient
+ \item Very powerful tools available
+ \item You can talk down on people using Notepad++
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Nano}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Syntax: \texttt{nano [filename]}
+ \item Key bindings shown on the bottom
+ \item Save: \keys{\ctrl} + \keys{o}
+ \item Save: \keys{\ctrl} + \keys{x}
+ \item Navigate with arrow keys \keys{\arrowkeyleft}
+ \keys{\arrowkeydown} \keys{\arrowkeyup}
+ \keys{\arrowkeyright}
+ \item \texttt{\textasciicircum} stands for the \keys{\ctrl} key (universal)
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+[luke@host ~]$ nano diary.txt
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+~
+~ VIM - Vi IMproved
+~
+~ version 8.1.333
+~ by Bram Moolenaar et al.
+~ Vim is open source and freely distributable
+~
+~ Become a registered Vim user!
+~ type :help register<Enter> for information
+~
+~ type :q<Enter> to exit
+~ type :help<Enter> or <F1> for on-line help
+~ type :help version8<Enter> for version info
+~
+~ Running in Vi compatible mode
+~ type :set nocp<Enter> for Vim defaults
+~ type :help cp-default<Enter> for info on this
+~
+~
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Users \& permissions}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Users \& permissions}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{Linux is a \emph{multi-user operating system}}
+ \item{There can be many user accounts}
+ \item{Different users can even use the computer at the same time!}
+ \item{You usually only use your personal user account}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Users}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \textbf{Personal user}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{Home directory in \texttt{/home/userx}}
+ \item{Can only access files in home directory}
+ \item{Can only stop processes started by itself}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \textbf{Root user}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{Also \emph{called the superuser}}
+ \item{''System administrator``}
+ \item{Can do anything on the system}
+ \item{Access to all files}
+ \item{Can kill any process}
+ \item{Home directory in \texttt{/root}}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Unix file permissions}
+ \vspace{0.7cm}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{img/permissions_overview.png}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Permissions}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{img/permissions_example.png}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \texttt{r}: Permission to read file
+ \item \texttt{w}: Permission to write to file
+ \item \texttt{x}: Permission to execute file
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Changing permissions}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+chmod {u,g,a}{+,-}{r,w,x} file
+chown OWNER:GROUP file
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \vspace{0.65cm}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+chmod +x program.sh
+chmod u-x program.sh
+chmod g+rw file.txt
+chown luke:luke file.txt
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \texttt{chmod}: Change permissions
+ \item \texttt{chown}: Change owner, group
+ \vspace{0.8cm}
+ \item Allow everyone to execute
+ \item Remove execution permission for user
+ \item Allow group to read/write
+ \item Change ownership to user \texttt{luke}, group \texttt{luke}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Octal permissions}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+chmod 744 program.sh
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \texttt{4: read}
+ \item \texttt{2: write}
+ \item \texttt{1: execute}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Octal representation allows setting all permissions in one go
+ \item Desired permissions are added up
+ \item \texttt{7 = read + write + execute}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Meta}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Tab completion}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Hit \keys{\tab} to automatically complete a word you are typing
+ (Command, file, ...)
+ \item Hit \keys{\tab} twice to show all possible options
+ \item Extremely useful terminal feature! Use always!
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Command History}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Scroll up in your command history by pressing the
+ \keys{\arrowkeyup} key
+ \item Press \keys{\ctrl} + \keys{r} to search the history
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Killing a running process}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Every process has a unique ID on Linux
+ \item View processes with \texttt{ps aux}
+ \item Kill a process with \texttt{kill id}
+ \item If ID is unknown, use \texttt{pkill name}
+ \item The \texttt{-9} flag works like a shotgun
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ ps -e
+PID TTY TIME CMD
+1 ? 00:00:04 systemd
+2 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
+[luke@host ~]$ kill 16740
+[luke@host ~]$ pkill -9 emacs
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{PATH}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{The PATH variable}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item How does the shell know where programs are?
+ \item The shell searches the \texttt{PATH} variable
+ \item \texttt{ls} \textrightarrow \: \texttt{/usr/bin/ls}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ echo $PATH
+/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Adding your own paths}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Let's say you want to add your script directory
+ \item Temporarily: \texttt{export PATH=\$PATH:\textasciitilde/scripts}
+ \item Permanently: Add the above to \texttt{\textasciitilde/.bashrc}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]{Writing shell scripts}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Scripts are just a sequence of commands
+ \item Very easy automation!
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item (for more, come to the Bash course)
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ File \texttt{~/scripts/music.sh}:
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+filename="$2.%(ext)s"
+echo "$1"
+youtube-dl -x "$1" -o "$filename"
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \vspace{0.5cm}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+[luke@host ~]$ cd scripts
+[luke@host ~]$ chmod +x music.sh
+[luke@host ~]$ ~/scripts/music.sh "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ" music
+# or:
+[luke@host ~]$ ./music.sh "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ" music
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Piping and Redirection}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Complicated needs}
+ How would you design an interface that can...
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item ...delete files larger than 100MB?
+ \item ...show the last 2 lines of a file?
+ \item ...sort files by length?
+ \item ...search calendar entries and create reminders?
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Complicated needs}
+ Many possible answers:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Big GUI that does everything
+ \item A simple tool that users can extend themselves
+ \item Domain specific language that users write queries with
+ \item Many simple and combinable tools
+ \end{itemize}
+ Unix chooses the last two approaches
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Piping and redirection}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Unix has small and orthogonal tools
+ \item Piping and redirection are how to combine them
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Piping and redirection}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Piping sends output from one command to another command
+ \item Redirection writes to files (streams)
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+[luke@host ~]$ cat numbers | sort
+five
+four
+one
+three
+two
+zero
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+[luke@host ~]$ cat numbers > same_numbers
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Piping}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Uses the pipe symbol: \texttt{|}
+ \item Useful for sequential composition
+ \item Only works in "one direction"
+ \item Internally connects output of one process to output of other process
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+[luke@host ~]$ cat numbers | tail -n 2
+nine
+ten
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+[luke@host ~]$ cat numbers | grep "..."
+one
+two
+six
+ten
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Piping}
+
+ List unique owners of files in current directory:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item List files in directory
+ \item Omit first two lines
+ \item Truncate whitespace
+ \item Cut (delete) all columns except the third
+ \item Sort alphabetically
+ \item Only show unique entries
+ \end{itemize}
+ \vspace{0.1cm}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+[luke@host ~]$ ls -l | tail -n +2 | sed 's/\s\s*/ /g' | cut -d ' ' -f 3 | sort | uniq
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Redirection}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{\makebox[1.7cm]{\:\texttt{> file\hfill}}} Write output to file
+ \item{\makebox[1.7cm]{\:\texttt{>\hspace{0cm}> file\hfill}}} Append output to file
+ \item{\makebox[1.7cm]{\:\texttt{< file\hfill}}} Read input from file
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ echo "Hello!" > hello.txt
+[luke@host ~]$ cat hello.txt
+Hello World!
+[luke@host ~]$ cat < hello.txt
+Hello World!
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Redirection}
+ Redirection is useful!
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Store final or intermediate results
+ \item Append output to files
+ \end{itemize}
+ \vspace{0.3cm}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+[luke@host ~]$ ls -l | tail -n +2 | sed 's/\s\s*/ /g' > result
+[luke@host ~]$ cut -d ' ' -f 3 < result | sort | uniq
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Redirection}
+ Redirection is useful! (cont.)
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Store final or intermediate results
+ \item Append output to files
+ \end{itemize}
+ \vspace{0.3cm}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+[luke@host ~]$ ./logger_script >> log.txt
+
+[luke@host ~]$ echo "Logging done!" >> log.txt
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Ranger}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Ranger}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item File manager on the console
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Usable over SSH
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item Can move files, change permissions, bulk rename...
+ \item Bookmarks
+ \item Keyshortcuts for frequent locations
+ \item Plugins
+ \item Preview functionality
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{img/ranger1.png}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]
+ \frametitle{Ranger image preview}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/ranger_img_preview.png}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{frame}
+
+
+ \section{Managing software}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{How you get software on Linux}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Don't download installers from the internet!
+ \item Software is managed by the distribution and available
+ through a central repository.
+ \item Software is \emph{packaged}
+ \item Similiar to Microsoft's or Apple's app stores
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \vspace{-1cm}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.7\columnwidth]{img/package-icon.pdf}
+ {\tiny [2]}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Installing packages}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Depends on distribution!
+ \item Package Manager is most important feature of a
+ Linux distribution
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ Debian, Ubuntu, Mint:
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+sudo apt install firefox
+ \end{bashenv}
+ OpenSUSE:
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+sudo zypper install firefox
+ \end{bashenv}
+ RedHat, Fedora:
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+sudo dnf install firefox
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Searching for packages}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ Debian, Ubuntu, Mint:
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+apt search firefox
+ \end{bashenv}
+ OpenSUSE:
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+zypper search firefox
+ \end{bashenv}
+ RedHat, Fedora:
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+dnf search firefox
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item The basic package search is usually quite limited
+ \item Consult the internet for finding the right programs!
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Updating packages}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item All packages can be upgraded at once
+ \item Do this every other week!
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ Debian, Ubuntu, Mint:
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt upgrade
+ \end{bashenv}
+ OpenSUSE:
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+sudo zypper update
+ \end{bashenv}
+ RedHat, Fedora:
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+sudo dnf update
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Building from source}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Sometimes software is unavailable in the repositories
+ \item Can download sources and compile them manually
+ \item Careful! No automatic updates, malware, package manager
+ conflicts, \ldots
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Building from source}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Download the sources
+ \item Follow the build instructions in the documentation
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+git clone https://github.com/i3/i3
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+autoreconf -fi
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+mkdir -p build && cd build
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+../configure
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+make
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{SSH}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{SSH}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \emph{Secure shell}
+ \item SSH allows to log in to another computer over the network
+ \item Server administration, running jobs on supercomputers,
+ log in to your computer at home
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.6\columnwidth]{img/ssh.png}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Logging in to Euler (cluster)}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\tiny]
+[luke@host ~]$ ssh lutobler@euler.ethz.ch
+Last login: Tue Sep 4 00:06:01 2018 from vpn-global-125-dhcp.ethz.ch
+
+ ____________________ ___
+ / ________ ___ /__/ /
+ / _____/ / / / ___ /
+ /_______/ /__/ /__/ /__/
+ Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zuerich
+ Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
+ -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ E U L E R C L U S T E R
+
+
+ https://scicomp.ethz.ch
+ http://tinyurl.com/cluster-support
+ cluster-support@id.ethz.ch
+
+ =========================================================================
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Using SSH}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \texttt{ssh alice@bob.ch}
+ \item Will ask for user password
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+[luke@host ~]$ ssh alice@bob.ch
+alice@bob.ch's password:
+[alice@bob ~]$
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Login without password}
+ \vspace{0.5cm}
+ Generate an SSH key with \texttt{ssh-keygen} and copy the
+ key in \texttt{\textasciitilde/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub} to
+ \texttt{\textasciitilde/.ssh/authorized\_keys} on the server.\\
+ \vspace{0.5cm}
+ Neat key copying trick when password login already works:
+ \vspace{0.2cm}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh username@euler.ethz.ch 'cat - >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Version control}
+
+ \begin{frame}[fragile]{Git}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{img/git_logo.png}
+ {\tiny [4]}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Git}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{\texttt{thesis.pdf}}
+ \item{\texttt{thesis\_old.pdf}}
+ \item{\texttt{thesis\_copy.pdf}}
+ \item{\texttt{thesis\_finalversion.pdf}}
+ \item{\texttt{thesis\_finalversion2.pdf}}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[fragile]{Git}
+ \emph{Git is a version-control system for tracking changes in computer files
+ and coordinating work on those files among multiple people.} \\
+ \hspace{10cm}--- Wikipedia
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[fragile]{Git}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{img/git_branches.png}
+ {\tiny [3]}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Git}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{Track changes to your code}
+ \item{Comment your changes}
+ \item{Easily revert back to older versions}
+ \item{Avoid/manage conflicts when working in teams}
+ \item{Manage release versions and development versions}
+ \item{Work on different branches at the same time}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Git example}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{Initialize a git repository}
+ \item{Add files you want to include in a commit}
+ \item{Create a commit for your selected changes}
+ \item{Push changes to server}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+git init
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+git add changed_file.txt
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+git commit
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\small]
+git push
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Sharing a repository}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{You can use services like \emph{Github} or \emph{Gitlab} to collaborate
+ with others on your project}
+ \item{Or host your repositories yourself!}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item{You can pull from/push to any server you can access via SSH}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Backup}
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]{Borg Backup}
+ \begin{columns}[T]
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Backup data
+ \item Does compression and deduplication automatically
+ \item Possibility to encrypt
+ \item Runs over ssh, network storage etc.
+ \end{itemize}
+ \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.6\columnwidth]{img/borg_logo.png}
+ \vspace{2cm}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{columns}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t, fragile]{Borg Example}
+ \vspace{0.5cm}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Repos are collections of backups
+ \item Create new backups with \texttt{borg create}
+ \item Restore files with \texttt{borg extract <archive>}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \vspace{0.5cm}
+ \begin{bashenv}[\scriptsize]
+[luke@host ~]$ borg init --encryption=repokey /path/to/repo
+Enter passphrase:
+Repeat passphrase:
+[luke@host ~]$ borg create /path/to/repo
+[luke@host ~]$ borg create --stats /path/to/repo::Backup1 ~/dir_to_backup
+[luke@host ~]$ borg create --stats /path/to/repo::Backup2 ~/dir_to_backup
+[luke@host ~]$ borg extract /path/to/repo::Backup1
+ \end{bashenv}
+ \vspace{0.5cm}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ \section{Epilogue}
+
+ \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Sources}
+ \footnotesize
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item[1] \url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linux_Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard.png}
+ \item[2] \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gnome-emblem-package.svg}
+ \item[3] \url{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OneFlow_Example.png}
+ \item[4] \url{https://git-scm.com/images/logos/logomark-orange@2x.png}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+
+ % \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{INSERT TITLE}
+ % \begin{columns}[T]
+ % \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ % \column{0.5\textwidth}
+ % \end{columns}
+ % \end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/console_toolkit/source/slides/template.tex b/console_toolkit/source/slides/template.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d8830dba88e01c7d4c43cb09491127e257898024
--- /dev/null
+++ b/console_toolkit/source/slides/template.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+\documentclass[aspectratio=169]{beamer}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\usepackage{xcolor}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+\usepackage{tcolorbox}
+\usepackage{menukeys}
+\usepackage{pdfpages}
+
+\tcbuselibrary{listings}
+
+\usefonttheme[onlymath]{serif}
+
+\usecolortheme[RGB={37,68,113}]{structure}
+\usetheme{Dresden}
+
+\setbeamertemplate{headline}{}
+
+% generic colors
+\definecolor{dirblue}{HTML}{9bc1ff}
+
+% TheAlternative colors
+\definecolor{ldorange}{HTML}{F18A20}
+\definecolor{ldblue}{HTML}{254471}
+
+%Apply TheAlt colors to theme
+\setbeamercolor{section in head/foot}{fg=ldorange}
+\setbeamercolor{author in head/foot}{fg=white}
+\setbeamercolor{subsection in head/foot}{fg=white}
+\setbeamercolor{caption name}{fg=vlg}
+\setbeamercolor{caption}{fg=vlg}
+\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=ldblue}
+\setbeamercolor{title}{fg=ldorange}
+\setbeamercolor{institute}{fg=ldblue}
+\setbeamertemplate{itemize item}[circle]
+\setbeamercolor{itemize item}{fg=ldorange}
+
+% make including pdfs work
+\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=}
+
+\setbeamerfont{title}{series=\bfseries}
+
+\setbeamertemplate{caption}{\raggedright\insertcaption\par}
+\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
+\setbeamertemplate{bibliography item}[text]
+
+% white-on-black lstlisting env with rounded corners
+\newenvironment{bashenv}[1][\small]{%
+ \tcblisting{listing only,colback=black,colframe=black,
+ enlarge top by=0mm,left=-0mm,top=-2mm,bottom=-2mm,
+ listing options={language=bash,
+ escapechar=§,
+ basicstyle=#1\color{white}\ttfamily,
+ commentstyle=#1\color{white}\ttfamily,
+ backgroundcolor=\color{black},
+ breaklines=true,
+ keepspaces=true,
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ columns=fullflexible}}}
+{\endtcblisting}
+
+% mark a spot for e.g. drawing an arrow to it
+\newcommand\tikzmark[1]{\tikz[remember picture,overlay]\node[inner xsep=0pt](#1){};}
+
+% \newcommand\Warning{%
+% \makebox[1.4em][c]{\raisebox{-0.45em}{%
+% \makebox[0pt][c]{\raisebox{0.25em}{\large!}}%
+% \makebox[0pt][c]{\color{red}\Huge$\bigtriangleup$}}}%
+% \hspace{0.7em}%
+% }
+
+% a red warning box
+\definecolor{lred}{HTML}{ffd6dd}
+\newtcolorbox{WarningBox}{%
+ colframe=red,
+ colback=lred}
+