From c16201b16c8feda9e936f6373aa00c4ef535ea8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: This isn't my name <a@b.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 2020 20:59:03 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Added unix history
---
bash_course/exercisesheet/sheet.pdf | 4 +-
bash_course/exercisesheet/sol.pdf | 4 +-
bash_course/guide/guide.pdf | 4 +-
bash_course/pres/firstslide.md | 7 +-
bash_course/pres/pres.md | 63 ++-
bash_course/pres/pres.pdf | 4 +-
unix_history/.gitattributes | 2 +
unix_history/build.sh | 7 +
unix_history/firstslide.md | 3 +
unix_history/header.tex | 133 ++++++
unix_history/img/bk.jpg | 3 +
unix_history/img/kt_and_dr.jpg | 3 +
unix_history/img/logo_blue.pdf | 3 +
unix_history/img/logo_white.pdf | 3 +
unix_history/img/pdp7-oslo.jpg | 3 +
unix_history/img/unix_tl.png | 3 +
unix_history/pres.md | 613 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
unix_history/pres.pdf | 3 +
unix_history/template.tex | 189 +++++++++
19 files changed, 1024 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 unix_history/.gitattributes
create mode 100755 unix_history/build.sh
create mode 100644 unix_history/firstslide.md
create mode 100644 unix_history/header.tex
create mode 100644 unix_history/img/bk.jpg
create mode 100644 unix_history/img/kt_and_dr.jpg
create mode 100644 unix_history/img/logo_blue.pdf
create mode 100644 unix_history/img/logo_white.pdf
create mode 100644 unix_history/img/pdp7-oslo.jpg
create mode 100644 unix_history/img/unix_tl.png
create mode 100644 unix_history/pres.md
create mode 100644 unix_history/pres.pdf
create mode 100644 unix_history/template.tex
diff --git a/bash_course/exercisesheet/sheet.pdf b/bash_course/exercisesheet/sheet.pdf
index c5ab2ac..3308028 100644
--- a/bash_course/exercisesheet/sheet.pdf
+++ b/bash_course/exercisesheet/sheet.pdf
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:c84aa49bd05c1e9ca49eeeaf67dacb59c46fab3337ab3815caf02c149cc925ed
-size 260700
+oid sha256:68ff9b1889e472804798bf4be84ecdbbe03d195c5f0703c7162f2656cd8cf8bf
+size 260697
diff --git a/bash_course/exercisesheet/sol.pdf b/bash_course/exercisesheet/sol.pdf
index 79bc581..4d3ce97 100644
--- a/bash_course/exercisesheet/sol.pdf
+++ b/bash_course/exercisesheet/sol.pdf
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:db55526cde1aa91bfc1e53aaaea372547d53c8126c77c2ee3b07b0acac932218
-size 185033
+oid sha256:e39d7bd3bed022438b0aa7e7b428715b8eb32998219e83e7f28e57e0c95dc32e
+size 184950
diff --git a/bash_course/guide/guide.pdf b/bash_course/guide/guide.pdf
index ca202a2..19a9494 100644
--- a/bash_course/guide/guide.pdf
+++ b/bash_course/guide/guide.pdf
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:dc1b477ea8dcee973c35edd022b73c1c2bd27fb892d0bf122454de6b734ccd36
-size 356322
+oid sha256:42fe1c28a3d1c3d03986351fa0dd90b9939186498420dd9e09fea7a3c4154245
+size 356312
diff --git a/bash_course/pres/firstslide.md b/bash_course/pres/firstslide.md
index 621565a..a3d5496 100644
--- a/bash_course/pres/firstslide.md
+++ b/bash_course/pres/firstslide.md
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
# Welcome to the Bash Workshop!
- * If you prefer to work on your own, already know programming or are confident in your abilities, please **sit in the back**.
-
-<!-- -->
-
- * If you prefer guided exercises, are completely new to programming, or want to have your hands held, please **sit in the front**.
+* Please turn of your camera for the lecture part of the course, we only have 2GB of RAM on this server
+* If there are any technical problems, let me know!
diff --git a/bash_course/pres/pres.md b/bash_course/pres/pres.md
index 58e8f27..c9ecdf1 100644
--- a/bash_course/pres/pres.md
+++ b/bash_course/pres/pres.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
---
author:
-- Aline Abler
+- Nicolas König
title: Bash Workshop
---
@@ -78,19 +78,19 @@ title: Bash Workshop
### Meaning of strings
- echo Hello World
+ ls my file
-* `echo`, `Hello` and `World` are single strings
+* `ls`, `my` and `file` are single strings
* The first string becomes the command, all following become
*arguments*
<!-- -->
- echo 'Hello World'
+ ls 'my file'
-* Here, `Hello World` is just one string
+* Here, `my file` is just one string
-### Repeat after me
+### Remember!
\bigtext{Every word is a single argument unless you use quotes.}
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ title: Bash Workshop
[[1==3]]
-* Bash's answer:
+* Bash's answer:
bash: [[1==3]]: command not found
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ title: Bash Workshop
[[ 1 == 3 ]]
-### Repeat after me
+### Remember!
\bigtext{If there's brackets, you probably need spaces.}
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ title: Bash Workshop
* What bash sees
0
-
+
### Why is that important?
* *&&*, *||*, *if* and *while* all act based on the return value of something
@@ -207,10 +207,41 @@ becomes
rm "$var"
-### Repeat after me:
+### Remember!
\bigtext{If there's a dollar, you probably need quotes!}
+## Piping
+
+### Glueing programs together
+
+* Pipes allow us to connect different programs
+* The output of one program is used as the input for another
+
+### Glueing programs together
+
+ du -b
+
+lists the size of all directories within the current one
+
+ sort -n
+
+sorts the input numerically. So
+
+ du -b | sort -n
+
+gives us a list of all subdirectories sorted by size.
+
+### Glueing programs together
+
+ ls -l | cut -d' ' -f3 | sort | uniq
+
+Complicated functionality can be created from very simple programs.
+
+### Remember!
+
+\bigtext{If you want to connect programs, you probably want pipes!}
+
# What bash is used for
## The whole point of bash
@@ -252,22 +283,20 @@ becomes
## What happens now?
### Hands on!
+#### Guided exercises
+* Solve easy exercises in plenum
+* Tailored to complete beginners
+
#### Self-driven exercises
* Self study using a guide
* Try some of our exercises
* Choose the exercises you find interesting! No need to go in order.
-#### Guided exercises
-* Solve easy exercises in plenum
-* Tailored to complete beginners
-* Please sit in the front
-
### Course material
* These slides, exercise sheet and bash guide: \
\soft{http://thealternative.ch}
-* Please leave some feedback! \
- \soft{http://feedback.thealternative.ch}
<!-- -->
* \soft{Theme by} Christian Horea, [CC BY](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
+* \soft{Original Presentation by} Aline Abler
diff --git a/bash_course/pres/pres.pdf b/bash_course/pres/pres.pdf
index c7f5f61..e1437be 100644
--- a/bash_course/pres/pres.pdf
+++ b/bash_course/pres/pres.pdf
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:d74d8674d327fb920d754b3d604cf302e7b664061dd7551c95a85828c00edbe4
-size 592303
+oid sha256:ca689be717fbd28a61caecd2ea00f8d4c55611dc83729a579e509e151ebb5d4d
+size 639860
diff --git a/unix_history/.gitattributes b/unix_history/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b178db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+img/ filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+img/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
diff --git a/unix_history/build.sh b/unix_history/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c474c9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+echo "Building pdf..."
+pandoc -t beamer --template template.tex --listings pres.md -o pres-part.pdf --pdf-engine pdflatex \
+ && pandoc -t beamer --template template.tex --listings firstslide.md -o firstslide.pdf --pdf-engine pdflatex \
+ && pdfunite firstslide.pdf pres-part.pdf pres.pdf \
+ && rm firstslide.pdf pres-part.pdf \
+ && echo "Build successful"
diff --git a/unix_history/firstslide.md b/unix_history/firstslide.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..753ac05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/firstslide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Welcome to the History of Unix Spotlight Talk!
+
+* If there are any technical problems, let me know!
diff --git a/unix_history/header.tex b/unix_history/header.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9dd259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/header.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %pipes don't display properly without this
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage{datapie}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{siunitx} %pretty measurement unit rendering
+\usepackage{hyperref} %enable hyperlink for urls
+\usepackage{caption} % needed to tweak caption size
+
+
+\usefonttheme[onlymath]{serif}
+\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}
+
+\DeclareSIUnit\pixel{px}
+
+\usecolortheme[RGB={37,68,113}]{structure}
+\usetheme{Dresden}
+
+\newenvironment{figurehere}
+{\def\@captype{figure}}
+{}
+\makeatother
+
+%commands to exclude sections from miniframes
+\makeatletter
+\let\beamer@writeslidentry@miniframeson=\beamer@writeslidentry
+\def\beamer@writeslidentry@miniframesoff{%
+ \expandafter\beamer@ifempty\expandafter{\beamer@framestartpage}{}% does not happen normally
+ {%else
+ % removed \addtocontents commands
+ \clearpage\beamer@notesactions%
+ }
+}
+\newcommand*{\miniframeson}{\let\beamer@writeslidentry=\beamer@writeslidentry@miniframeson}
+\newcommand*{\miniframesoff}{\let\beamer@writeslidentry=\beamer@writeslidentry@miniframesoff}
+\beamer@compresstrue
+\makeatother
+
+
+%various gray colors
+\definecolor{slg}{gray}{0.25}
+\definecolor{lg}{gray}{0.55}
+\definecolor{vlg}{gray}{0.73}
+\definecolor{tlg}{gray}{0.9}
+
+%TheAlt colors
+\definecolor{ldorange}{HTML}{F18A20}
+\colorlet{ldbright}{ldorange!70!white} % tinted version of orange, used in miniframes
+\definecolor{ldblue}{HTML}{254471}
+
+%reduce caption font size:
+\captionsetup{font={scriptsize,color=lg}}
+
+%do not prepend numbering/lettering to figures/subfigures
+\captionsetup{labelformat=empty} %do not prepend letters to figure captions
+
+%Apply TheAlt colors to theme
+ % section titles in top navigation bar
+\setbeamercolor{section in head/foot}{parent=palette tertiary,fg=ldorange}
+\setbeamertemplate{section in head/foot shaded}{\color{ldbright}\usebeamertemplate{section in head/foot}}
+ % miniframes (little navigation circles)
+\setbeamercolor*{mini frame}{fg=ldorange,bg=ldbright}
+\setbeamertemplate{mini frame in other section}[default][0]
+\setbeamertemplate{mini frame in other subsection}[default][0]
+ % others
+\setbeamercolor{author in head/foot}{fg=white}
+\setbeamercolor{subsection in head/foot}{fg=white}
+\setbeamercolor{caption name}{fg=vlg}
+\setbeamercolor{caption}{fg=vlg}
+\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=ldblue}
+
+\setbeamertemplate{caption}{\raggedright\insertcaption\par}
+\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
+\setbeamertemplate{bibliography item}[text]
+
+\definecolor{mygreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
+\definecolor{mygray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
+\definecolor{mymauve}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}
+
+\lstdefinestyle{custombash}{
+ belowcaptionskip=1\baselineskip,
+ captionpos=,
+ breaklines=true,
+ frame=L,
+ xleftmargin=\parindent,
+ language=bash,
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ basicstyle=\scriptsize\ttfamily,
+ rulecolor=\color{tlg},
+ backgroundcolor=\color{tlg},
+ fillcolor=\color{tlg},
+ rulesepcolor=\color{tlg},
+ commentstyle=\itshape\color{purple!60!black},
+ keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{ldorange!80!black},
+ %keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{green!40!black},
+ identifierstyle=\color{blue},
+ stringstyle=\color{orange},
+}
+
+\lstset{language=Bash,style=custombash,caption={Descriptive Caption Text},label=DescriptiveLabel}
+
+\title{Bash Workshop}
+\author{Aline Abler}
+
+\institute{\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{img/logo_blue.pdf}}
+
+
+\renewcommand{\emph}[1]{\textcolor{ldorange}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\soft}[1]{\textcolor{lg}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\textt}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{\texttt{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\bigtext}[1]{\centering\Huge \textbf{\textcolor{ldorange}{#1}}}
+
+%shortcut to insert small logo in footline
+\def\logo{%
+ \resizebox{!}{3ex}{\includegraphics{img/logo_white.pdf}}
+}
+
+% Define a custom footline that includes our logo
+\setbeamertemplate{footline}
+{%
+ \begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,%
+ leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=.3cm plus1fil]{title in head/foot}
+ \usebeamerfont{title in head/foot}%
+ \insertshorttitle\hfill\insertframenumber
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+ \begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,ht=3.5ex,dp=1.625ex,%
+ leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=.3cm plus1fil]{author in head/foot}
+ \usebeamerfont{author in head/foot}
+ \raisebox{0.5ex}{\insertshortauthor}\hfill\raisebox{-0.5ex}{\logo}
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+
diff --git a/unix_history/img/bk.jpg b/unix_history/img/bk.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13e3971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/img/bk.jpg
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:de9cded98acae0306226ea6c74afda8d2291215865ded5d466bdf31c80f9edb2
+size 150634
diff --git a/unix_history/img/kt_and_dr.jpg b/unix_history/img/kt_and_dr.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe76b31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/img/kt_and_dr.jpg
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:4bbc80d22f33a4ea04d8605e59bc3872a36bcb1a68313e66d1f51d6f7b1c18f4
+size 180098
diff --git a/unix_history/img/logo_blue.pdf b/unix_history/img/logo_blue.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29c5db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/img/logo_blue.pdf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:19e667dfa9893e57bf4a1cb570ea9f0dabd28a68c62a9a83acd2cdb8d9ba3c2e
+size 7990
diff --git a/unix_history/img/logo_white.pdf b/unix_history/img/logo_white.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8612e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/img/logo_white.pdf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:bfc40701fd114bfc3de7cfad2403f7ab488e590183b6bac28a75e2f0052aaea0
+size 7931
diff --git a/unix_history/img/pdp7-oslo.jpg b/unix_history/img/pdp7-oslo.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..127d812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/img/pdp7-oslo.jpg
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:85867f6e670c7600ac6bc778f2be215e31f89cc1c7d0330db9f108d16b011181
+size 272805
diff --git a/unix_history/img/unix_tl.png b/unix_history/img/unix_tl.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b64187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/img/unix_tl.png
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6e4b2a8bd11df6421fe3954aaced922f919a22fccf78ac90442fb2f3f22bbb6c
+size 77546
diff --git a/unix_history/pres.md b/unix_history/pres.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba130ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/pres.md
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+---
+author:
+- Nicolas König
+title: A Short History of Unix
+
+---
+
+# What is Unix?
+
+## What is Unix?
+
+###
+
+\bigtext{What is Unix?}
+
+### The Definition
+
+A system can call itself *Unix* if it conforms to the *Single Unix Specification* maintained by *The Open Group*.
+
+<!--
+ Talk about standardization later
+-->
+
+### Difference between Unix and Linux
+
+Unix is an interface description, Linux is an OS
+
+- Linux's syscall interface doesn't provide all the required functions
+- Also, to be complient, many more things have to be provided
+ - header files
+ - struct definitions
+ - even shell & command line utilities
+- More on that later
+
+### Current Unixs
+
+- MacOS
+- AIX
+- Only one Linux distributions (EulerOS)!
+ - All of them still adhere to the standards very closely
+
+<!--
+ Doing the conformance tests is expansive
+-->
+
+# The Early Days
+
+## The Early Days
+
+###
+
+\bigtext{The Early Days}
+
+## Context for the creation
+
+### Bell Labs
+
+* Part of telephone-monopoly company AT&T
+* very "free" research culture
+ * The choice of research topic was largely decided by the researchers
+* 9 Nobel price winners!
+
+
+### Multics
+
+* "MULTiplexed Information and Computing Service"
+* Collaboration between Bell Labs, General Electric and the MIT
+* Successor to MIT's Compatible Time Sharing System (CTSS)
+
+
+<!--
+ With modern eyes: Very weird features
+ Grand unified memory, no distinction between files and "normal" memory
+ both called resounding success and an utter failure
+-->
+
+### Thompson, Kerningham, Ritchi
+
+```{=latex}
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{img/kt_and_dr.jpg}
+\end{figure}
+```
+
+### Thompson, Kerningham, Ritchi
+
+```{=latex}
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{img/bk.jpg}
+\end{figure}
+```
+
+<!--
+ Kerningham & Ritchi both worked on Mutlics
+-->
+
+### The PDP-7
+
+* 8K 18-bit words memory
+* ca. 570 kHz
+* Produced by the Digital Equipment Cooperation (DEC)
+
+### The PDP-7
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{img/pdp7-oslo.jpg}
+ \caption{A restored PDP-7}
+\end{figure}
+
+<!--
+ Weak computer
+ No interest in buying a new one after Multics disaster
+ Used for Circuit desing, but most of the time free
+-->
+
+## The First Unix
+
+### A Game
+
+\centering
+First, there was a Game
+
+
+
+### An IO-Scheduler
+
+\centering
+Then, an IO-Scheduler
+
+<!--
+ Disk inside was too fast
+ Needed a program to put data on it
+-->
+
+### An Operating System
+
+\bigtext{"At some Point I realized I was just three weeks away from an operating system."}
+
+<!--
+ Still missing 3 (exec,) editor, shell, assembler
+ Wife away 3 weeks -> one week per programm
+-->
+
+### The Unix Philosophy
+
+\bigtext{Make each program do one thing well}
+
+### The Unix Philosophy
+
+\centering
+If you only have this little memory, you can't make your programs complex!
+
+\centering
+It turned out, that this is a good idea in general
+
+## Released Unix Versions
+
+### The First Edition
+
+Released in Nov. 1971
+
+* Supported the PDP-11
+* relatively feature-rich
+* already included a Fortran compiler
+
+<!--
+ Story on how they got the PDP-11
+ Patent applications!
+ Name comes from the manual, development very fast
+ hand-inserted patches when it was send out
+ "Love, Ken"
+-->
+
+### Common Utilities
+
+* A lot of commonly known utilities already included in the first release
+ * `cd`, `chown`, `ls`, `cp`, `dc`, `ln`, `su`, `who`, ...
+
+### The Third Edition
+
+Released in Feb. 1973
+
+* Included a C compiler
+* Included first implementation of pipes
+
+### The C Programming Language
+
+* Heavily influenced by BCPL
+* Designed as a system programming language
+* The language still looked slightly different
+ * The Dialect is known as K&R-C
+* Publicised in the book "The C Programming Language" by Kerningham & Ritchi
+
+### The C Programming Language
+
+```c
+foo(a, b)
+ int a;
+ int *b;
+{
+ return a + *b;
+}
+```
+### Fourth Edition
+
+Released in Nov. 1973
+
+* The first edition almost completely written in C
+ * Made portability possible
+* Typically licensed with source code (and for a nominal fee)
+
+### Seventh Edition
+
+Released in Jan. 1979
+
+* Many new tools still in use today
+ * `awk`, `make`, `sed`, `tar`
+* Included the first version of the Bourne Shell (`sh`)
+* Included a fully featured Fortran77 Compiler
+
+### A story of overwhelming success
+
+The number of installed Systems rapidly increased
+
+- 2. Edition (Jun. 1972): 10 systems inside AT&T
+- 5. Edition (Jun. 1974): 50 systems inside AT&T
+
+By 1977, it was running on 500 sites, including 125 Universities
+
+<!--
+ Mind how large systems where at that time!
+-->
+
+# The Unix War
+
+## The Unix War
+
+###
+
+\bigtext{The Unix War}
+
+## The two large competitors
+
+### Berkley Software Distribution (BSD)
+
+* Thompson was a visiting Professor at UCal in the year 1975/1976
+
+There, many new tools and features where developed
+
+ * the editor `vi`
+ * `sendmail`
+ * a Pascal Compiler
+
+Then, with 3BSD (1979), a full Unix distribution was released
+
+<!--
+ Worth mentioning:
+ - the Berkley Fast File System
+-->
+
+### BSD
+
+They also wrote a port to DEC's new VAX architecture
+
+- Added support for Virtual memory
+
+<!--
+ C paid off!
+
+ Might not be clear today, but DEC was __big__ back then.
+ VAX and Unix where so far intertwined that "Not all the world's a VAX" made
+ it into the "10 commandments for C programmers"
+
+ The only other two ports existing was an intercal (7&8)/32 ports
+-->
+
+### 4.2BSD
+
+Released in 1983
+
+- Added sockets and a complete TCP/IP-stack
+
+<!--
+ THE defining feature for BSD-Linux
+-->
+
+
+### System V
+
+In 1982, antitrust legislation forces AT&T to break up
+
+- Lifts the ban on selling software
+
+<!--
+ Baby Bells!
+-->
+
+### System V
+
+\centering
+AT&T immideatly proceeded to bundle Unix for commercial use and released System V in 1983
+
+<!--
+ Not the first commercial AT&T Unix release, 1981 System III (a lot of the
+ legal stuff had already been settled)
+-->
+
+### System V Release 1 (SVR1)
+
+- Added an extensive interprocess communication API
+- Also included many features from BSD
+ - `curses`
+ - `vi`
+
+### Derivatives of the Two
+
+There where many derivatives by different companies.
+
+For BSD:
+
+- SunOS
+- Xenix
+
+and for System V:
+
+- HP-UX
+- AIX
+
+<!--
+ Even Microsoft made their own!
+-->
+
+### Derivatives
+
+```{=latex}
+\begin{figure}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{img/unix_tl.png}
+\end{figure}
+```
+
+### System V Release 4 (SVR4)
+
+- The most successful release of System V
+- Result of a unification drive between several Unix vendors
+- Added a lot of features from all over the Unix world
+ - `ksh`
+ - ELF file format
+ - TCP/IP-support
+
+### X/Open
+
+The drive for unification was formalized in the formation of the X/Open consortium
+
+- It was supposed to provide compatibility guides and standards
+- Would later go on to acquire the rights to the Unix name
+
+BSD, out of fear over the influence of AT&T & Sun, founded its own alternative, the
+Open Software Foundation.
+
+* AT&T then founded, as an answer, Unix International.
+
+<!--
+ When I'm saying BSD, I mean people using BSD
+ OSF != FSF, carefull
+-->
+
+### Differences
+
+There were huge differences between these two distributions
+
+Both technical
+
+- System V `STREAM` (introduced with SRV3) vs. Berkley `socket`
+
+and culturally
+
+- "long-haired Berkley" vs. "short-haired AT&T"
+
+<!--
+ Example: AT&T: System V: Consider it Standard
+ BSD Leute 4.2 > V
+
+-->
+
+### Differences
+
+\centering
+The differences between the two are still found all throughout UNIX!
+
+### Differences
+
+From bigger
+
+* System V used `/usr/bin` and `/usr/sbin`, Berkley `/bin` and `/sbin`
+
+to smaller things
+
+* The `ps` command takes two kinds of arguments
+ * `ps aux`: BSD-style arguments
+ * `ps -eL`: System V style
+
+### 1-800-ITS-UNIX
+
+Berkley System Distribution, inc. (BSDi) was formed 1991
+
+- immediately sued by AT&T (1992)
+ - Usage of the Unix trademark
+ - Illegal distribution of AT&T source code
+- Settled out of court in favor of BSDi (1994)
+
+<!--
+ Every story of the history of Unix should mention the law suits
+ almost all AT&T code stripped in previous releases
+ in the end, AT&T lost, only a few source files had to be removed and a few more given attribution
+-->
+
+<!--
+
+# The Ascend of Linux
+
+## The Early Days
+
+### The GNU project
+
+### Linus Torvalds
+
+### The Email
+
+-->
+
+# Standards
+
+## Standards
+
+###
+
+\bigtext{Standards}
+
+## Early Standardisation
+
+### The ANSI-C Standard
+
+* drive for standardization started in the early 1980s
+* Many new features added
+ * `void`, function prototypes, type qualifiers,...
+
+Finally released by ANSI as *X3.159-1989*, it usually called ANSI-C or C89
+
+<!--
+ Released in 1989, as the name says
+-->
+
+### Posix.1
+
+* "Portable Operating System Interface" + -x for Unix
+* standardizes the interface C programs use to interact with the OS
+* can be implemented by any OS!
+* Standadized by *ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990*
+
+<!--
+ I'll quickly skip over Posix.2, which defined a whole bunch of things about the
+ execution eviroment such as the interface to the C compiler and shell utilitties
+-->
+
+### Posix.1b/c
+
+There where two important extensions for the standard
+
+- Posix.1b\
+ realtime extensions
+- Posix.1c \
+ posix threads
+
+Eventually leading to *ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996*, a revised version of *Posix.1*
+
+<!--
+ You will see these when looking through man pages!
+ Interestingly, these real time extensions are different from SRV4s!
+-->
+
+### The Open Group
+
+- Formed in 1996 from a merger between X/Open and the Open Software Foundation
+- Inherited the rights to the Unix name from X/Open
+- Continued X/Opens standarization
+
+<!--
+ Remmeber X/Open from before
+-->
+
+### X/Open Portability Guide
+
+X/Open (and later The Open Group) released portability guides (XPG)
+
+- based upon Posix and typical practices
+- The guides where later renamed to "Single Unix Specification" (SUS)
+- *XPG4* and *XPG5* (later *SUSv1* and *SUSv2*) where the two most influential standards
+ - Conformance required to call something Unix!
+
+<!--
+ Remember X/Open from before?
+ X/Open turned into The Open Group after the Open Software
+-->
+
+### Posix.1-2001/SUSv3
+
+in 1999, The Open Group and the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 collaborated on a new standard
+
+- Meant to unify SUSv2 and Posix
+- Eventually resulted in *Posix.1-2001* / *ISO/IEC 9945:2002* / *SUSv3*
+ - most commonly referred to as *SUSv3*
+- 3700 Pages!
+
+### Posix.1-2001/SUSv3
+
+Split in four part
+
+- *Base Definition*\
+ Concepts, Definitions, Contents of headers
+- *System Interfaces*\
+ Specification of various functions (1123 in total)
+- *Shell and Utilities*\
+ Specifies the shell and utilities (160)
+- *Rational*\
+ Contains explanations and justifications
+
+### Posix.1-2008 / SUSv4
+
+- The newest standard
+- Not many changes relative to the previous standard
+
+## Weird Features
+
+###
+
+\centering
+A few weird features of earlier distributions made it into the standards
+
+### gets()
+
+```c
+char *gets(char *);
+```
+
+Reads a line from stdin.
+
+- No way to tell gets the length of the buffer!
+
+### hsearch()
+
+```c
+#include <search.h>
+
+int hcreate(size_t nel);
+// The two available actions are FIND and ENTER
+ENTRY *hsearch(ENTRY item, ACTION action);
+void hdestroy(void);
+```
+Does anyone notice something weird?
+
+### insque()
+
+```c
+#include <search.h>
+
+void insque(void *elem, void *prev);
+void remque(void *elem);
+```
+
+These functions require you to pass in structs with a certain layout!
+
+<!--
+ They also do only have the job, the other have you have to do yourself
+ Direct wrapper around `incque` instruction on VAX machines
+-->
+
+### Prefixed struct fields
+
+```c
+struct addrinfo {
+ int ai_flags;
+ int ai_family;
+ /* ... */
+ struct addrinfo *ai_next;
+ };
+```
+
+Why are the fields in these structs prefixed?
+
+- K&R-C just threw struct fields in the global namespace!
+
+### Shared Memory
+
+There are two (incompatible) shared memory implementations!
+
+- System V-style: `shmget`
+- Posix Style: `shm_open`
+
+# Conclusions
+
+## Conclusions
+
+### Conclusions
+
+\centering
+We know know both what Unix is and where it comes from
+
+###
+
+\centering
+Thank you for listening! Any questions?
diff --git a/unix_history/pres.pdf b/unix_history/pres.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c401b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix_history/pres.pdf
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+size 1765639
diff --git a/unix_history/template.tex b/unix_history/template.tex
new file mode 100644
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+\documentclass[aspectratio=169,12pt]{beamer}
+\usepackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %pipes don't display properly without this
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage{datapie}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{siunitx} %pretty measurement unit rendering
+\usepackage{hyperref} %enable hyperlink for urls
+\usepackage{caption} % needed to tweak caption size
+\usepackage{subcaption}
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+\newcommand{\passthrough}[1]{#1}
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+\usefonttheme[onlymath]{serif}
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+ \expandafter\beamer@ifempty\expandafter{\beamer@framestartpage}{}% does not happen normally
+ {%else
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+ \clearpage\beamer@notesactions%
+ }
+}
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+\setbeamertemplate{mini frame in other section}[default][0]
+\setbeamertemplate{mini frame in other subsection}[default][0]
+ % others
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+\setbeamercolor{subsection in head/foot}{fg=white}
+\setbeamercolor{caption name}{fg=vlg}
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+\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=ldblue}
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+ stringstyle=\color{thmauve}
+}
+
+\lstset{
+ style=custombash,
+ caption={Descriptive Caption Text},
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+
+$if(title)$
+\title{$title$}
+$endif$
+$if(subtitle)$
+\subtitle{$subtitle$}
+$endif$
+$if(author)$
+\author{$for(author)$$author$$sep$ \and $endfor$}
+$endif$
+
+\institute{\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{img/logo_blue.pdf}}
+\date{$date$}
+
+\renewcommand{\emph}[1]{\textcolor{ldorange}{#1}}
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+\newcommand{\textt}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{\texttt{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\bigtext}[1]{\centering\Huge \textbf{\textcolor{ldorange}{#1}}\normalsize}
+
+%shortcut to insert small logo in footline
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+$endif$
+
+$body$
+
+$for(include-after)$
+$include-after$
+
+$endfor$
+
+\end{document}
--
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