Backend: Add validation for time slots, update tests and README

New validation:

- No timeslot overlap
- user do not only require to use their own nethz, they can also only use this
  nethz if they are members

Additionally tests and README updates.

.gitignore

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ wheels/
 *.manifest
 *.spec
 
+# pytest
+.pytest_cache/
+
 # Installer logs
 pip-log.txt
 pip-delete-this-directory.txt

Backend/backend/security.py

@@ -54,27 +54,19 @@ def request_cache(key):
 
 @request_cache('apiuser')
 def get_user():
-    """Return user id if the token is valid, None otherwise."""
+    """Return user data if the token is valid, None otherwise."""
     if g.get('token') is not None:
         response = api_get(
             'sessions',
             where={'token': g.get('token', '')},
-            projection={'user': 1}
+            projection={'user': 1},
+            embedded={'user': 1}
         )
         if response:
             return response['_items'][0]['user']
     return None
 
 
-@request_cache('nethz')
-def get_nethz():
-    """Return nethz of current user."""
-    if get_user() is not None:
-        response = api_get('users/' + get_user())
-        return response.get('nethz')
-    return None
-
-
 @request_cache('admin')
 def is_admin():
     """Return True if user is in the 'PVK Admins' Group, False otherwise.
@@ -82,8 +74,8 @@ def is_admin():
     The result is saved in g, to avoid checking twice, so there is no
     performance loss if is_admin is called multiple times during a request.
     """
-    user_id = get_user()
-    if user_id is not None:
+    user = get_user()
+    if user is not None:
         # Find Group with correct name, return list of members
         groups = api_get(
             'groups',
@@ -95,7 +87,7 @@ def is_admin():
 
             membership = api_get(
                 'groupmemberships',
-                where={'user': user_id, 'group': group_id},
+                where={'user': user['_id'], 'group': group_id},
                 # This Projection currectly crashes AMIVAPI
                 # https://github.com/amiv-eth/amivapi/issues/206
                 # projection={'_id': 1}
@@ -148,4 +140,5 @@ def only_own_nethz(_, lookup):
     if not is_admin():
         # Add the additional lookup with an `$and` condition
         # or extend existing `$and`s
-        lookup.setdefault('$and', []).append({'nethz': get_nethz()})
+        lookup.setdefault('$and', []).append({
+            'nethz': get_user().get('nethz')})

Backend/backend/settings.py

@@ -52,6 +52,13 @@ DATE_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"
 BANDWIDTH_SAVER = False
 
 
+# Disable bulk insert
+# They are not compatible with uniqueness constraints
+# (see more here: https://github.com/pyeve/eve/issues/691)
+# In our case, we need time and room uniqueness nearly everywhere => disabled
+BULK_ENABLED = False
+
+
 # A schema for required start/end time tuple
 TIMESPAN_SCHEMA = {
     'type': 'dict',
@@ -67,6 +74,7 @@ TIMESPAN_SCHEMA = {
             'required': True,
         },
     },
+    'start_before_end': True,
 }
 
 
@@ -110,7 +118,7 @@ DOMAIN = {
                     'empty': False,
                     'nullable': False,
                 },
-                # TODO: Not the same nethz twice
+                # TODO: Not the same nethz twice (use new nocopies validator)
                 # TODO: Is nethz enough here?
             }
         },
@@ -129,10 +137,12 @@ DOMAIN = {
                     'embeddable': True
                 },
                 'not_patchable': True,  # Course is tied to lecture
+                'required': True,
             },
             'assistant': {
                 'type': 'string',
                 # TODO: Assistant needs to exist for lecture
+                # TODO: assistant timeslot
             },
 
             'signup': TIMESPAN_SCHEMA,
@@ -140,22 +150,21 @@ DOMAIN = {
             'datetimes': {
                 'type': 'list',
                 'schema': TIMESPAN_SCHEMA,
-                # TODO: Timeslots must not overlap
+                'no_time_overlap': True,
+                'unique_room_booking': True,
             },
             'room': {
                 'type': 'string',
                 'maxlength': 100,
-                'unique': True,
-                'required': True,
                 'nullable': False,
                 'empty': False,
-                # TODO: Room must be empty for time slot
+                'unique_room_booking': True,
             },
             'spots': {
                 'type': 'integer',
                 'min': 1,
                 'required': True,
-                'nullable': False
+                'nullable': False,
             }
         },
     },
@@ -184,7 +193,7 @@ DOMAIN = {
                 },
                 'unique_combination': ['nethz'],
                 'required': True,
-                # TODO: No overlapping courses
+                'no_course_overlap': 'signups',
             },
             'status': {
                 'type': 'string',
@@ -220,7 +229,7 @@ DOMAIN = {
                 },
                 'unique_combination': ['nethz'],
                 'required': True,
-                # TODO: No overlapping courses
+                'no_course_overlap': 'selections',
             },
         },
     },
@@ -235,9 +244,6 @@ DOMAIN = {
         # Also, there is no reason to ever change a payment.
         'user_methods': ['GET', 'POST'],
 
-        # Bulk inserts don't make sense here, so we disallow them
-        'bulk_enabled': False,
-
         'schema': {
             'signups': {
                 'type': 'list',
@@ -248,15 +254,17 @@ DOMAIN = {
                         'field': '_id',
                         'embeddable': True
                     },
-                    'no_waiting': True, # No signups on waiting list
-                    'no_accepted': True, # No signups which have already been paid
+                    # No signups on waiting list
+                    'no_waiting': True,
+                    # No signups which have already been paid
+                    'no_accepted': True,
                 },
                 'no_copies': True,
                 'required': True,
                 'nullable': False,
             },
             # Admins may leave this field empty
-            # However, it still has to be sent, even if it contains an empty string / None
+            # However, it still has to be sent, even if  empty or None
             'token': {
                 'type': 'string',
                 'unique': True,
@@ -264,13 +272,13 @@ DOMAIN = {
                 'nullable': True,
                 'only_admin_empty': True,
             },
-            'charge_id': { # Set by backend
+            'charge_id': {  # Set by payment backend
                 'type': 'string',
                 'unique': True,
                 'required': False,
                 'nullable': True,
             },
-            'amount': { # Set by backend
+            'amount': {  # Set by payment backend
                 'type': 'integer',
                 'required': False,
                 'nullable': True,

Backend/backend/validation.py

@@ -9,21 +9,43 @@ TODO: Several validation rules still need to be implemented. See `settings.py`.
 
 """
 
+from itertools import combinations, chain
+
 from flask import request, current_app
 from eve.io.mongo import Validator
 
-from backend.security import is_admin, get_nethz
+from backend.security import is_admin, get_user
 
 
 class APIValidator(Validator):
     """Provide a rule to check nethz of current user."""
 
+    def _get_field(self, field):
+        """Get other field. Check original document as well if PATCH."""
+        if request.method != 'PATCH':
+            return self.document.get(field)
+        # PATCH: field is only in self.document if modified
+        return self.document.get(field) or self._original_document.get(field)
+
+    # nethz validation
+
     def _validate_only_own_nethz(self, enabled, field, value):
-        """If the user is no admin, only own nethz is allowed for singup."""
+        """If the user is no admin, only own nethz is allowed for singup.
+
+        Furthermore, the user must be a member to use his nethz.
+        Only admins can sign up someone else.
+        """
+        print(get_user())
         if enabled and not is_admin():
-            if value != get_nethz():
+            if value != get_user().get('nethz'):
                 self._error(field,
-                            "You can only use your own nethz to sign up.")
+                            "you can only use your own nethz to sign up")
+            # If the nethz matches, we have to check if the user is a member
+            elif get_user().get('membership') == 'none':
+                self._error(field,
+                            "only members can sign up")
+
+    # Various helpers
 
     def _validate_unique_combination(self, unique_combination, field, value):
         """Validate that a combination of fields is unique.
@@ -33,13 +55,7 @@ class APIValidator(Validator):
         """
         lookup = {field: value}  # self
         for other_field in unique_combination:
-            lookup[other_field] = self.document.get(other_field)
-
-        if request.method == 'PATCH':
-            original = self._original_document
-            for key in unique_combination:
-                if key not in self.document.keys():
-                    lookup[key] = original[key]
+            lookup[other_field] = self._get_field(other_field)
 
         resource = self.resource
         if current_app.data.find_one(resource, None, **lookup) is not None:
@@ -72,6 +88,83 @@ class APIValidator(Validator):
                         "which have already been paid")
 
     def _validate_no_copies(self, no_copies, field, value):
-        """Ensure that each signup only appears once per payment."""
+        """Ensure that each item only appears once in the list."""
         if no_copies and len(set(value)) != len(value):
             self._error(field, "this field may not contain duplicate signups")
+
+    # Time related
+
+    def _validate_start_before_end(self, enabled, field, value):
+        """Ensure that the start time is before the end time."""
+        if enabled and(value.get('start') > value.get('end')):
+            self._error(field, 'start time must be earlier then end time.')
+
+    def _validate_unique_room_booking(self, enabled, field, _):
+        """A room can not be used at the same time by several courses."""
+        # Get new room and timespans for current course
+        room = self._get_field('room')
+        timespans = self._get_field('datetimes')
+
+        # Get _id of current course (needed for path) and filter to ignore it
+        course_id = self._get_field('_id')
+        id_filter = {'_id': {'$ne': course_id}} if course_id else {}
+
+        if enabled and timespans and room:
+            # Get all other courses with the same room
+            course_db = current_app.data.driver.db['courses']
+            courses = course_db.find({'room': room, **id_filter})
+            # chain all timespan lists into one list of other timespans
+            other_timespans = chain.from_iterable(course['datetimes']
+                                                  for course in courses)
+
+            if has_overlap(*timespans, *other_timespans):
+                self._error(field, "the room '%s' is already occupied by "
+                                   "another course at the same time")
+
+    def _validate_no_time_overlap(self, enabled, field, value):
+        """Multiple timeslots of the same course must not overlap."""
+        # value will be a list of timeslots
+        if enabled and has_overlap(*value):
+            self._error(field, "time slots must not overlap")
+
+    def _validate_no_course_overlap(self, resource, field, value):
+        """Ensure that a user cannot select/sign up for parallel courses."""
+        nethz = self._get_field('nethz')
+
+        # Get timespan of current course
+        course_db = current_app.data.driver.db['courses']
+        timespans = course_db.find_one({'_id': value}).get('datetimes')
+
+        if nethz and timespans:
+            # Find ids from all other courses for this nethz
+            resource_db = current_app.data.driver.db[resource]
+            items = resource_db.find({'nethz': nethz})
+            course_ids = [item['course'] for item in items
+                          if item['course'] != value]
+
+            # Get all courses and extract time spans
+            courses = course_db.find({'_id': {'$in': course_ids}})
+            # chain all timespan lists into one list of other timespans
+            other_timespans = chain.from_iterable(course['datetimes']
+                                                  for course in courses)
+
+            if has_overlap(*timespans, *other_timespans):
+                self._error(field, 'this course has a timing conflict with an '
+                                   'already chosen course')
+
+
+def has_overlap(*timeslots):
+    """Return True if any two timeslots overlap, False otherwise."""
+    def has_one_overlap(first, second):
+        """Compare two timeslots."""
+        # All data is UTC, but some has tzinfo, some doesnt => Normalize
+        s_1 = first['start'].replace(tzinfo=None)
+        e_1 = first['end'].replace(tzinfo=None)
+        s_2 = second['start'].replace(tzinfo=None)
+        e_2 = second['end'].replace(tzinfo=None)
+        # Overlap if one course is "(not before) and (not after)" the other
+        return (e_1 > s_2) and (s_1 < e_2)
+
+    # Return if *any* combination of elements overlaps
+    return any(has_one_overlap(first, second)
+               for (first, second) in combinations(timeslots, 2))

Backend/tests/conftest.py

@@ -99,11 +99,13 @@ def drop_database(application):
 
 
 @contextmanager
-def user(self, **kwargs):
+def user(self, nethz=None, membership=None, **kwargs):
     """Additional context to fake a user."""
     with self.test_request_context():
-        g.apiuser = 'Not None :)'
-        g.nethz = 'Something'
+        g.apiuser = {
+            'nethz': nethz or 'nethz',
+            'membership': membership or 'regular',
+        }
         g.admin = False
 
         # The test requests will use this header

Backend/tests/test_api.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ So we just put the provided token into g and see if the functions work.
 
 from flask import g
 
-from backend.security import get_user, get_nethz, is_admin
+from backend.security import get_user, is_admin
 
 
 def test_user_found(app, usertoken):
@@ -27,13 +27,9 @@ def test_user_found(app, usertoken):
     with app.app_context():
         g.token = usertoken
         assert get_user() is not None
-
-
-def test_nethz_found(app, usertoken):
-    """Test if a users nethz can be found with an api token."""
-    with app.app_context():
-        g.token = usertoken
-        assert get_nethz() is not None
+        # Assert that we get the required user data (nethz and membership)
+        assert get_user().get('nethz') is not None
+        assert get_user().get('membership') is not None
 
 
 def test_user_not_found(app):
@@ -42,12 +38,6 @@ def test_user_not_found(app):
         assert get_user() is None
 
 
-def test_nethz_not_found(app):
-    """Without token, users nethz cannot be found."""
-    with app.app_context():
-        assert get_nethz() is None
-
-
 def test_not_admin(app):
     """Without token, user does no get admin priviledges."""
     with app.app_context():

Backend/tests/test_payments.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def base_data(app):
                                    assert_status=201)
 
         signup = {
-            'nethz': 'Something',
+            'nethz': 'nethz',  # default dummy value for user nethz
             'course': response['_id']
         }
         app.client.post('signups',
@@ -233,14 +233,3 @@ def test_signup_unique_per_payment(app):
         app.client.post('payments',
                         data=payment,
                         assert_status=422)
-
-
-def test_no_batch_payments(app):
-    """Test that batch payments are disabled (Eve sends 400 in this case)."""
-    with app.admin():
-        batch = [{'signups': [], 'token': 'something'},
-                 {'signups': [], 'token': 'something'}]
-
-        app.client.post('payments',
-                        data=batch,
-                        assert_status=400)

Backend/tests/test_resources.py

 """Tests for basic requests to all resources as admin."""
 
+import pytest
+
+from backend.settings import DOMAIN
+
 
 def test_create(app):
     """Test creating everything as an admin user."""
@@ -99,3 +103,14 @@ def test_no_patch(app):
                                     data={'nethz': 'lalala'},
                                     assert_status=422)
         assert response["_issues"]["nethz"] == no_patch_error
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('resource', DOMAIN.keys())
+def test_no_batch_inserts(app, resource):
+    """Test that batch payments are disabled (Eve sends 400 in this case)."""
+    with app.admin():
+        list_data = [{}, {}]
+
+        app.client.post(resource,
+                        data=list_data,
+                        assert_status=400)

Backend/tests/test_security.py

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 
 import pytest
 
+from backend.settings import DOMAIN
 
-ALL_RESOURCES = ['lectures', 'courses', 'signups', 'selections', 'payments']
+ALL_RESOURCES = DOMAIN.keys()
 ADMIN_RESOURCES = ['lectures', 'courses']  # only admin can write
 PERSONAL_RESOURCES = ['signups', 'selections']  # users can only see their own
 
@@ -65,56 +66,49 @@ def test_user_cannot_write(app, resource):
                           assert_status=403)
 
 
-def test_signup_with_own_nethz_only(app):
-    """Users can only post singups with their own nethz."""
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('resource', ['signups', 'selections'])
+def test_signup_with_own_nethz_only(app, resource):
+    """Users can only post signups with their own nethz."""
     nethz = 'Something'
     with app.user(nethz=nethz):
         # Create fake course to sign up to
         course = str(app.data.driver.db['courses'].insert({}))
 
         # Try with other nethz
-        bad_signup = {
+        bad = {
             'nethz': 'Notthenethz',
             'course': course
         }
-        app.client.post('/signups',
-                        data=bad_signup,
+        app.client.post(resource,
+                        data=bad,
                         assert_status=422)
 
         # Try with own nethz
-        good_signup = {
+        good = {
             'nethz': nethz,
             'course': course
         }
-        app.client.post('/signups',
-                        data=good_signup,
+        app.client.post(resource,
+                        data=good,
                         assert_status=201)
 
 
-def test_selection_own_nethz(app):
-    """Users can only select courses for themselves."""
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('resource', ['signups', 'selections'])
+def test_signup_member_only(app, resource):
+    """Only members can sign up."""
     nethz = 'Something'
-    with app.user(nethz=nethz):
-        # Create fake course to select
+    with app.user(nethz=nethz, membership='none'):
+        # Create fake course to sign up to
         course = str(app.data.driver.db['courses'].insert({}))
 
         # Try with other nethz
-        bad_selection = {
-            'nethz': 'Notthenethz',
-            'course': course,
-        }
-        app.client.post('/selections',
-                        data=bad_selection,
-                        assert_status=422)
-
-        # Try with own nethz
-        good_selection = {
+        data = {
             'nethz': nethz,
-            'course': course,
+            'course': course
         }
-        app.client.post('/selections',
-                        data=good_selection,
-                        assert_status=201)
+        app.client.post(resource,
+                        data=data,
+                        assert_status=422)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('resource', PERSONAL_RESOURCES)

Backend/tests/test_signups.py

@@ -207,28 +207,6 @@ def test_post_signups_triggers_update(app, course, mock_update):
     mock_update.assert_called_with(str(course))
 
 
-def test_batch_post_signups_triggers_update(app, course, mock_update):
-    """Test the the update of spots gets triggered correctly."""
-    # We need a second course to test everything
-    other_course = app.data.driver.db['courses'].insert({})
-
-    batch = [{
-        'course': str(course),
-        'nethz': 'bla'
-    }, {
-        'course': str(course),
-        'nethz': 'bli'
-    }, {
-        'course': str(other_course),
-        'nethz': 'bli'
-    }]
-    app.client.post('/signups', data=batch, assert_status=201)
-    # Same course doesn't get updated twice per request
-    print(mock_update.mock_calls)
-    mock_update.assert_has_calls([call(str(course)), call(str(other_course))],
-                                 any_order=True)
-
-
 def test_patch_signup_triggers_update(app, course, mock_update):
     """Test the the update of spots gets triggered correctly."""
     fake = app.data.driver.db['signups'].insert({

Backend/tests/test_validation.py

+"""Test special validators, e.g. for time overlap."""
+# pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def lecture(app):
+    """Create a lecture, return its id."""
+    with app.admin():
+        lecture = {
+            'title': "Time and Space",
+            'department': "itet",
+            'year': 2,
+            'assistants': ['pablo'],
+        }
+        return app.client.post('lectures',
+                               data=lecture,
+                               assert_status=201)['_id']
+
+
+def test_start_time_before_end(app, lecture):
+    """Test that any start time must come before end time."""
+    correct = {
+        'lecture': lecture,
+        'assistant': 'pablo',
+        'spots': 10,
+        'datetimes': [{
+            'start': '2019-01-09T10:00:00Z',
+            'end': '2019-01-09T13:00:00Z',
+        }],
+    }
+
+    wrong = {
+        'lecture': lecture,
+        'assistant': 'pablo',
+        'spots': 10,
+        'datetimes': [{
+            'start': '2019-02-09T13:00:00Z',
+            'end': '2019-02-09T10:00:00Z',
+        }],
+    }
+
+    with app.admin():
+        app.client.post('courses', data=correct, assert_status=201)
+        app.client.post('courses', data=wrong, assert_status=422)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture